the properties and uses of plasmids in G.M. experimentation. Plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements found in a variety of bacterial species. They are double stranded; autonomously replicating‚ supercoiled‚ covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA molecules that range in size from 1 kb to greater than 200 kb. Often‚ plasmids contain genes coding for enzymes that‚ under certain circumstances‚ are advantageous to the bacterial host (Table 1). Table 1. Some of the phenotypes conferred by different
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i. What silent is in terms of amino acids 2. Point mutation 3. Frameshift mutation 4. Main causes of mutation of DNA 5. Which mutations are heritable 6. Definition of allele b. How process of mutation in replication leads to new alleles 7. Transgenic organism c. What it is d. How its created e. Definition of recombinant DNA 8. What gene therapy is in general Chapter 8 9. Programmed cell death =? f. Why it’s important that cell division
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MCB 3020 Exam TWO Study guide 1. List the laws of thermodynamic and describe their relevance in the chemical reactions 2. Define the standard reduction potential. Why aerobic grow generates the highest amount of energy (ATP). How this value plays a role in organization of electron transport system. Compare Eo of aerobic and anaerobic respiration 3. Describe the flow of electron in fermentation and respiration. What happened to the electron in each of the above processes 4
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killing the bacteria or by stopping them dividing and growing. Some work by interfering with enzymes that are essential in the replication of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) in the bacterial cells or in protein synthesis. Some work just by blocking the sites where enzymes usually join to the substrate‚ so they can’t join on and catalyse the reaction. The parent DNA molecule unravels itself and becomes 2 individual strands that stand on either end. The two strands exposed. Free nucleotides are
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universal criteria for all organisms 16S/18S rRNA gene sequences are useful for phylogeny because: Modern phylogeny: Based on characteristics that are informative and shared by all living organisms…proteins & DNA Molecular phylogeny Microbial isolate Extract genomic DNA and/or RNA • •
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1. A:The three types of a nucleotide are Deoxyribose sugar‚ Phosphate‚ and a Nitrogen Containing base. B: Deoxyribose Sugar is found in Nucleotides. C: The nucleotide component that contains Nitrogen is the base. D: The four types of nitrogen bases are Adenine‚ Thymine‚ Guanine‚ and Cytosine. 2. A: ....... B: The parts of the oligonucleotide that make up the rungs of the ladder in the ladder model are the nitrogen bases. C: The parts of the nucleotide that make up the sides of the ladder in the
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Mendel’s ‘factors’ are now called genes Genotype refers to the specific allelic composition of an individual Independent assortment: During gamete formation‚ the segregation of any pair of hereditary determinants is independent of the segregation of other pairs Random sampling error N+N sperm N egg 3n endosperm Degrees of freedom Tetrad (bivalent) Mitosis produces daughter cells that are genetically identical Meiosis produces daughter cells that are not genetically identical
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Introduction A mutator strain is one that lacks certain repair methods when a mistake is made during DNA replication. The strain of E. coli that was used in this lab‚ XL-1 Red Mutator‚ lacked three different repair methods used to correct mistake in DNA replication. If a mistake occurred‚ the E. coli would not be able to make repairs via DNA polymerase backtracking‚ mismatch repair‚ or oxo-dGTP hydrolysis. The E. coli will still be able to use the other ways to repair mistakes including SOS
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questions: 1 Discuss the two methods of viral replication. The two methods of viral replication are done in animal viruses. The first method deals with DNA viruses and the second is RNA viruses. In the DNA virus‚ the viral DNA enters the nucleus of the host cell. Than it is transcribed into mRNA and leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The early mRNA then translates into early viral proteins. The early viral proteins deal with the replication of viral DNA‚ they are then transported back into the nucleus
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REVIEW EXAM 1 CH 1 DNA – basic features‚ base composition RNA basic features‚ base composition‚ what are all the different types of RNA? Nucleotide - what makes up one? What is it’s general structure? Mendel- basic concept of heredity‚ punett squares‚ genotype vs. phenotype‚ homozygous‚ heterozygous‚ what is an allele‚ dominant allele recessive allele Two general classes of genetics and what makes up each one Relationship of a gene to locus to allele to chromosome What organisms do we do
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