To begin the process of extracting DNA‚ the double-stranded hereditary material found in all living organisms‚ from the cells of split peas‚ a solution was made by blending split peas (100ml)‚ table salt (less than 1ml)‚ and cold water (200ml). The salt helped the DNA strands of molecules to stick together to be easily seen later in the experiment. The split pea cells were separated from each other by the blending process which had made them more susceptible to the next added ingredients. The blended
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morphological features by using DNA barcoding technique is an important application for molecular biology and genetics. In this study‚ we used special fish called bonito fish. These fishes generally live in relatively warm and hot seas and grow until they reach a length of about 30 inches. Bonito fish have a long pectoral fin and two dorsal fins. Also‚ they have a forked tail. Animal species and their origins can be detected accurately and quickly with the help of the technique called DNA barcoding (Hanner et
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important technique used in the field of molecular science. The field of forensics utilizes agarose gel electrophoresis by allowing investigators to determine from a sample of DNA removed from a crime who the suspect may be. Investigators of a crime can run the DNA collected through gel electrophoresis and then compare this DNA to suspects involved. Large amounts of knowledge can be gained about various aspects of proteins and nucleic acids by researchers implementing a few
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bacteria is the genotype alteration by the uptake of naked‚ foreign DNA from the environment. This concept of transformation was first discovered when Fred Griffith an experiment using mice and strains of pneumonia. Griffith concluded that a “principle” was transferred from heat-killed S strains to the R strains‚ which transformed them into deadly S strains. Oswald Avery later determined‚ through a series of experiments‚ that DNA was the “principle” that caused the R stains to become S strains that
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reduced efficacy of plant based medicines / drug formulations. To minimize this problem‚ genotype specific DNA markers need to be developed. Remaining unchanged through short term variations in environment at different locations‚ and also through different phase of life cycle‚ DNA fingerprinting patterns constitute dependable DNA markers for ultimate individualization of a biological entity. DNA fingerprinting patterns in addition to supplementing drug assessment protocol as also establishing authentic
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Determining Allele Frequencies of the PV92 Alu Element using DNA Isolated from Human Cheek Cells and PCR Amplification Background Alu elements are the most abundant repetitive elements in the human genome that have mobilized throughout primate genomes by retrotransposition over the past 65 million years ago from a 5’ to 3’ fusion of the 7SL RNA gene‚ to reach the present number of more than one million copies. Over the last few years‚ several lines of evidence demonstrated that these elements
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DNA databases: crime fighting weapon or threat to privacy 1- A DNA database is a database that contains a profile of bodily fluid left by criminals at the crime scenes. It has developed by the biology laboratory of the Florida department of law enforcement. These profiles are sent to nationwide DNA bank. There are several benefits of these DNA databases. First‚ the DNA can be used as evidence in trials. It allows criminals to be identified by their own genes. Second‚ the computer analysis
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1. The overall goal of this lab was to carry out experiments that clearly demonstrate the different ways DNA genetic information‚ specifically transduction and conjugation. The first half of this experiment focused on exploring the mechanisms of transduction. This was done by creating a spot titer plate for phage carrying kanamycin resistance and E. coli. E. coli was then proven to have gained kanamycin resistance throughout transduction as demonstrated by its ability to grow on a medium containing
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from the 431 LEU2 drop out medium‚ the “cured” LEU2 gene was compared to the “diseased” LEU2 gene. The expectation was that the “cured” LEU2 gene would be a different size from that of the “diseased‚” which would be proven through a PCR run of the two DNA strands after they were replicated under the same in vitro conditions. The purpose of the PCR was to show what kind of mutation occurred in the mutant to cause it to lose its LUE2 function. Methods Yeast Transformation Procedure Both hands and
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CELL REPRODUCTION DNA is the cell’s genetic material; chromosomes are the carriers of this genetic information. In proka-ryotes‚ the chromosome is a single circle of DNA. In eukaryotes‚ each chromosome is a complex of DNA and histone proteins found in the nucleus. BINARY FISSION Prokaryotic cells reproduce via binary fission. In this process‚ DNA Is replicated‚ and the cell splits in two roughly equal parts‚ each with a copy of the cell’s DNA. EUKARYOTIC CELL CYCLE Eukaryotic cells reproduce
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