Ligation of Lambda DNA pre-digested with EcoRI and HinDIII. Restriction of Lambda DNA with restriction enzymes. Aim: The objectives of this experiment are: Become more familiar with using micropipettes. Use restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites. Use Ligase to rejoin some of the cut/separated DNA fragments. Learn to separate DNA using electrophoresis. Introduction: Restriction enzymes are proteins which cut dsDNA at specific regions depending on the enzyme used‚ determined
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BIO 219 Group 1 Section 66 October 19‚ 2012 The extraction of purified DNA from A. fischeri by restriction digestion using Sal I enzyme and pGEM for shotgun cloning Introduction: The ultimate goal of this experiment is to isolate the lux operon‚ a targeted piece of DNA that causes bioluminescence‚ from Aliivibrio fischeri and insert it into the DNA of Escherichia coli in order to make it glow. A. fischeri is a gram-negative bacteria which participates in a symbiotic relationship with
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Title. Restriction Enzyme Mapping of pBR322 Using Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. II. Authors. Author: Partner: Section: Thursday‚ 1:10 pm Date of Experiment: October 25‚ 2012 III. Introduction. Restriction enzymes (or restriction endonucleases)‚ originally isolated from Haemophilus influenzae in 1970‚ are enzymes within a cell that cleave foreign DNA within a specific and predictable nucleotide sequence (known as a restriction site) regardless of the source of such DNA. Such restriction sites
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Purpose: Restriction enzymes cut DNA at a certain palindromic sequence. Three samples of lamda DNA set up to be cut with restriction enzymes PstI‚ EcoRI‚ or HindDIII. There were also two more samples‚ one of these samples was not mixed with any restriction enzyme and the other was a marker‚ which used an enzyme which creates fragments with a known number of base pairs used to create a standard curve. All five samples were put through agarose gel electrophoresis in order to estimate the amount of
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Introduction Plasmids are circular‚ double stranded extrachromosomal DNA molecules that are found in bacteria which can self-replicate. They are naturally occurring DNA molecules advantageous to the host bacterium by carrying genes which specify metabolic capacities. (Garrett et al.‚ 2010) Besides‚ plasmids exist in a wide variety of sizes from a few thousands to hundreds of thousands of base pairs. Many plasmids have been engineered to serve as plasmids cloning vectors to carry genes. (Synder et
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build and nourish cells; and to provide energy. Food travels though the digestive tract by muscle contraction called peristalsis. This journey of digestion can take up to twenty four hours. Digestion begins in the mouth where the teeth break food down into smaller particles during mastication. Salivary glands secrete saliva which begins chemical digestion and keeps the food moist. Swallowed food is pushed into the pharynx by the contraction of multiple muscle of the face‚ neck and tongue. The soft
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Digestion is the complex process of turning the food you eat into the energy you need to survive. The digestion process also involves creating waste to be eliminated. The digestive tract (or gut) is a long twisting tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus. It is made up of a series of by muscles that coordinate the movement of food and other cells that produce enzymes and hormones to aid in the breakdown of food. Along the way are three other organs that are needed for digestion: the liver
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DIGESTION OF CARBOHYDRATES Digestion of carbohydrate begins in the mouth‚ with the secretion of the enzyme salivary amylase from the serous cells of the salivary gland. This enzyme breaks starch and glycogen into disaccharides. The mucous cells of the salivary gland secrete a mucus‚ which causes the food to stick together‚ and acts as a lubricant to aid in swallowing. The salivary glands are grouped into three categories: the parotid gland‚ submandibular glands‚ and sublingual‚ all located
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include the teeth‚ tongue‚ salivary glands‚ liver‚ gallbladder‚ and pancreas. To achieve the goal of providing energy and nutrients to the body‚ six major functions take place in the digestive system ingestion‚ Secretion‚ mixing and movement‚ digestion‚ absorption and excretion. There are two kinds of organs that make up the digestive tract are the mouth‚ esophagus‚ stomach‚ small intestine‚ large intestine also called the colon - rectum‚ and anus all of which are hollow. Inside these hollow
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Chapter 10 Digestion and Nutrition Multiple Choice Questions 1. Plankton is a. Any organic debris in the ocean B. Plant and animal microorganisms drifting in the ocean c. A group of filter-feeding microorganisms d. Oceanic bacteria e. Seaweed 2. Examples of a suspension feeder and a deposit feeder would be‚ respectively‚ a. Clams and fish B. Polychaete annelid and earthworms c. Earthworms and rotifers d. Basking sharks and rotifers e. Earthworms and clams 3. The evolution
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