personality A. PROMOTERS • Background • Definition - no statutory definition - 2 common law definitions • Twycross v Grant (1877) 2 CPD – someone who “undertakes to form a company with reference to a given project‚ and to set it going and… takes the necessary steps to accomplish that purpose” (Cockburn CJ) • Whaley Bridge Calico Printing Co v Green (1880) 5 QBD 109 – “the term promoter is a term not of law but of business‚ usefully summing up in a single word a number of business operations
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Substantive law is law that defines rights and duties‚ such as crimes and punishments‚ civil rights and responsibilities in civil law. An example of substantive law is the law of murder: intentionally killing another person. Substantive law basically answers the question: What is the law? Procedural law is the law governing the machinery of the courts and the ways by which both the state and the individual enforce their rights in the courts. Procedural law is more like when a person can be arrested
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and international law in the 21st Century. Toronto‚ Canada. Emond Montgomery Publications Limited. 2004. Arthur Joyce. Abortion in Canada. October 1999. March 2‚ 2012. <http://www.hackcanada.com/canadian/freedom/canadabort.html> Clayton Edward. Cicero (106—43 BCE). Last updated: July 14‚ 2005 | Originally published: April 24‚ 2001. Central Michigan University. March 2‚ 2012. <http://www.iep.utm.edu/cicero/#H3> Galles Gary. Cicero on Justice‚ Law and Liberty. January
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1. WHAT IS ADMINISTRATIVE LAW? Administrative law controls the actions of public officials. It developed to allow for decisions of travelling judges to be reviewed. It has five basic components: - Judicial review: review by a court of the legality of a decision; - Merits review: review by a tribunal on the merits of a case; - Internal review: review by the decision-maker‚ as required by statute; - Ombudsman: investigation and reporting by an independent third-party; and - Freedom of information:
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Criminal Law Evaluation Paper CJA/354 Criminal Law June 20‚ 2011 Kristin Mildenberger Abstract Criminal law is very important to the criminal justice system. Criminal law states what behavior is criminal and it gives the punishment for each crime. In this document the sources and purposes of criminal law will be discussed. The jurisdiction information will be explained in order to show how it determines where the laws are enforced and created. The differences in the adversarial system and
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FIL102 CyberCrime Law The Cybercrime Law of the Philippines (also known as the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 or Republic Act 10175) is a newly-signed act that gives us a true legal tool to combat cybercrime. A better definition is given by a press release from the Senate‚ a part of which says‚ "The Cybercrime Prevention Act lays down a comprehensive legal framework for the detection‚ investigation‚ and suppression of cybercrimes..." The Republic Act No. 10175‚ also known as the Cybercrime
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Aviation Law and Space Law Aviation Law -Air space – customary law since First W.W. That aircraft from one state have right to fly over the high seas‚ but never over territorial sea of another state -Art.1 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation: “every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the space above its territory” -It is a serious breach of international law for a state to order to violate the air space of another state (for e.g. USA military aircraft attacked
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enforceable in law - social arrangements‚ for example‚ or contracts which offend against public decency and public policy and those which involve criminal activity. ‘A contract is an agreement giving rise to obligations which are enforced or recognised by law. The factor which distinguishes contractual from other legal obligations is that they are based on the agreement of the contracting parties.’ Treitel ‘A promise or set of promises which the law will enforce.’ Pollock ‘The law of contract
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duty to govern in accordance of law; the role of the courts as guarantor of legality and individual right‚ the priceless gift‚ subject only to constraints by law established‚ of individual freedom.”(Lord Bingham of Cornhill‚ The case of Liversidge v Anderson: the Rule of Law Amid the Clash of Arms‚2009) From my view‚ Lord Bingham expressed the importance of rule of law through the comment he gave in the case Liversidge v Anderson(1942).As he claimed in the rule of law that the right of the individual
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Common law versus civil law systems The two principal legal systems in the world today are those of civil law and common law. Continental Europe‚ Latin America‚ most of Africa and many Central European and Asian nations are part of the civil law system; the United States‚ along with England and other countries once part of the British Empire‚ belong to the common law system. The civil law system has its roots in ancient Roman law‚ updated in the 6th century A.D. by the Emperor Justinian and adapted
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