suicide. A meta-analysis found that serotonin depletion leads to impulsive behaviour which can cause aggression. The second neurotransmitter is dopamine but the dopamine-aggression link is not as well established as with serotonin. Increases in dopamine activity via amphetamines have been associated with more aggression‚ and antipsychotics reducing dopamine activity have been shown to reduce aggression in violent delinquents. Commentary on serotonin includes evidence from non-human studies. Support
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Disorder.” NIMH‚ National Institute of Mental Health. 27 Apr 2008‚ 13:03 UTC. US Department of Health and Human Services 1]>. "Methylphenidate." Wikipedia‚ The Free Encyclopedia. 26 Apr 2008‚ 18:18 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation‚ Inc. 27 Apr 2008 2]>. "Dopamine." Wikipedia‚ The Free Encyclopedia. 21 Apr 2008‚ 01:24 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation‚ Inc. 27 Apr 2008 3]>. "Latent inhibition." Wikipedia‚ The Free Encyclopedia. 6 Mar 2008‚ 13:10 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation‚ Inc. 27 Apr 2008 4]>. [->0] - http://en
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Abuse‚ Addiction‚ and the Brain) As a person continues to abuse drugs‚ the brain creates surges of dopamine; the chemical that tells lets us know that we are feeling good. Our bodies adapt to the dopamine surges by producing less dopamine or reducing dopamine receptors. The user must therefore keep abusing drugs to bring his or her dopamine function back to normal or use more drugs to achieve a dopamine high. (WebMD‚ Drug Abuse‚ Addiction‚ and the Brain) The more people take the drugs the harder
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research into the actions of antipsychotic medications on the dopamine systems‚ and‚ more recently‚ serotonin‚ glutamate‚ and muscarine systems in the brain. As a result‚ antipsychotic medications are now the primary treatment for schizophrenia‚ with counseling and behavioral therapies playing supportive‚ but secondary‚ roles. The dopamine hypothesis suggests that the hallmark neurochemical disturbance is an overactivity of the dopamine system in the brain‚ particularly that involving the D2 receptors
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stress has dissipates‚ we feel enjoyment due to the chemicals serotonin and dopamine. Serotonin largely influences learning patterns and mood. It is commonly used in anti-depressant medications. Dopamine is a chemical substance that‚ when released in the brain‚ creates a feel-good state. It is released when listening to music‚ eating sweets‚ doing cocaine‚ and being in love. Music really is like a drug! Research on dopamine has solidified the fact that we acquire pleasure from listening to music
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that release dopamine. It stimulates the brain’s pleasure. As a result‚ the smokers feel a lot of pleasure while they are smoking cigarettes. However‚ in 40 minutes the effects of nicotine are gone. Therefore‚ the smoker has to light up another cigarette. After repeated doses of nicotine‚ the brain begins to change. There is too much dopamine in the brain so it starts to cut the production of dopamine. As a consequence‚ now‚ the smoker needs nicotine just to create normal levels of dopamine. Without
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In this paper‚ I will be discussing the normal physiology of the basal ganglia‚ or basal nuclei‚ how the different structures within are involved with motor functions‚ and how dysfunctions within the basal ganglia lead to movement disorders. The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected subcortical structures composed primarily of the striatum‚ pallidum‚ substantia nigra‚ and the subthalamic nucleus. These structures span across the diencephalon‚ telencephalon‚ and the midbrain‚ and lie under
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CHEM 1660 BETTER LIVING THROUGH CHEMISTRY Part III Addiction Dr. Susan Y. LIANG Email: ytliang@hkbu.edu.hk Office: FSC 702B Opium – Catholicon or Toxin • Evidence suggests that more than 5‚000 years ago the properties of opium were known in the Euphrates River (幼发拉底河) delta. • Around 330 B. C.‚ Alexander the Great took opium to Persia and India‚ from where cultivation slowly spread eastward and reached China in about the 7th century (唐朝). 13th century‚ India The opium poppy
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Caroline Little Addiction Protection Summary In Susan Gaidos article Addiction Protection she explores the idea of creating vaccines to help opioid addicts stay clean. In the past decade the number of opioid deaths has skyrocketed. In the past few years people have been concerned because the number of deaths related to opioid use has increased Because of the recent surge in heroin usage‚ scientists and health professionals are desperate to find a way to stop the epidemic. There are drugs on the
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for weeks or even months at a time and later reappear. Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder in which too much or too little dopamine is produced in the brain. Too much dopamine causes hyperactivity. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter used in the substantia nigra and striatum which are important for movement. Other systems which can be effected by dopamine send axons from the midbrain to the forebrain‚ including the cerebral cortex. Recent research has shown that TS may also be an abnormality
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