patient position and organ location during planning and treatment. This could be due to difficulties in precise positioning‚ and immobilisation‚ patient movement and organ motion. Consequently there is a chance of deviation in the dose absorbed from the actual planned dose to be delivered. Accurate understanding of the details of organ motion specific to the respective sites is necessary for successful planning and execution of RT with an acceptable therapeutic ratio. The movements of liver during
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the medication. These factors also affect the dose to be administered. The usual adult dose of medication as listed in standard references‚ is based on the assumption that the adult weighs 150 pounds‚ but since the following variables influence the action of the medication‚ they also may alter the quantity of the drug necessary to produce the desired results a. Weight. Heavy‚ burly clients require larger doses than weak‚ emaciated ones. The doses of many drugs are calculated on a weight basis;
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VIAGRA® (sildenafil citrate) Tablets DESCRIPTION VIAGRA®‚ an oral therapy for erectile dysfunction‚ is the citrate salt of sildenafil‚ a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Sildenafil citrate is designated chemically as 1-[[3-(6‚7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1Hpyrazolo[4‚3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate and has the following structural formula: O C H 3C H 2 O CH3 N HN N
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disease immunization history Disease Hepatitis B Measles (Rubeola) Mumps Rubella (3-day measls) MMR Tetanus / Td / Tdap Have you had this disease? WBR Vaccination dates UTD ROI Antibody testing Date of titer To lab Yes / No Dose 1 Dose 2 Dose 3 Most recent Result (Pos / Neg) Office use only Varicella (chickenpox) Other: Other: Tuberculosis screening BCG vaccinated? Yes No Unknown Today’s date: Last TB skin test Date Result TB skin test If positive TB test‚ did
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Bronchial asthma (BA) - is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which many cells are involved‚ and cell components. Chronic inflammation leads to the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing‚ shortness of breath‚ feeling of fullness in the chest and cough‚ especially at night or early in the morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable in their severity of airway obstruction in the lungs‚ which is often reversible
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contraceptives when compared to today’s low-dose monophasic alternatives. Introduction: Since their introduction in 1961‚ oestrogen-progestogen combined oral contraceptive (COC) pills have provided women with an effective and effortless means of contraception for 50 years [1]. Taken by 17% of all women of reproductive age‚ they are amongst the most widely prescribed drugs in the U.K. today[2]. Hitherto‚ earlier COC formulations have been associated with harmful dose-dependent side effects [3]. In time
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weeks after the withdrawal of MTX. Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal side effects are usually controlled by folate supplementation (1 to 5 mg orally‚ given 4 hours before MTX or 1 mg orally once a day if on low dose therapy‚ as in rheumatoid arthritis)‚ dosage reduction‚ dividing the dose over a 12 to 24 hour period‚ withholding the drug‚ or giving it parenterally. Extremely rare cases of colitis and
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Uranium (U) is a metallic‚ silver-gray element that is a member of the actinide series. It is the principle fuel for nuclear reactors‚ but it also is utilized in the production of nuclear weapons. Because uranium is radioactive‚ it is constantly emitting particles and changing into other elements‚ like thorium. Uranium has a well-established radioactive decay chain. U-238 and U-235 (which has 143 neutrons) are the most common isotopes of uranium. Uranium naturally includes all three isotopes (U-238
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Levetiracetam Levetiracetam is probably a major breakthrough in the treatment of epilepsies. It is a highly effective‚ broad-spectrum‚ one of second generation AED with a unique mechanism of action. Chemical structure: Levetiracetam is a single enantiomer‚ (S)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-pyrrolidine acetamide. Its molecular formula is C8H14N2O2 and its molecular weight is 170.21. It is chemically unrelated to any of the other antiepileptic drugs. It is a white to off-white powder with a faint odor and bitter
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ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS Lecture by Dr.Shehla Shaheen Adverse effect is a harmful and undesired effect resulting from the administration of a therapeutic dose of a drug. OTHER WORDS USED SYNONYMOUSLY; SIDE EFFECTS TOXIC EFFECTS HARMFUL EFFECTS UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS All drugs can produce harmful as well as beneficial effects. ADRs are either related or unrelated to the principal pharmacological actions of the drugs Adverse effects are of great concern to drug regulatory authorities.
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