to survive and reproduce in its environment. Eventually‚ a population may accumulate enough change that it constitutes a new species. In modern terms‚ we can define evolution as a change over time in the genetic composition of a population. Evolution also refers to the gradual appearance of all biological diversity. Evolution is such a fundamental concept that its study is relevant to biology at every level‚ from molecules to ecosystems. Evolutionary perspectives continue to transform medicine
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Note on Measuring Brand Awareness‚ Brand Image‚ Brand Equity and Brand Value Pierre Chandon INSEAD March 2003 Note on Measuring Brand Awareness‚ Brand Image‚ Brand Equity and Brand Value The purpose of this note is to provide an overview and references on the various methods that can be used to measure brand knowledge (brand awareness and brand image)‚ brand equity and brand value. This note provides a short definition of each concept and illustrations of the most widely-used measurement techniques
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BRAND WARS: WHEN BIG BRANDS PLAY DIRTY “In business as in life‚ you don’t get what you deserve‚ you get what you negotiate.” Chester L Karrass. Today companies do not sell on the basis of their products. The features or benefits provided by the product is a small cog in the whole machine of the customer interaction process adopted by the company. The product sells on the basis of its power to convince customers‚ to appeal to customers and to attach a certain sentiment with the customers. This
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“Radical Evolution” In Joel Garreau’s book “Radical Evolution: The Promise and Peril of Enhancing Our Minds‚ Our Bodies- and What It Means to Be Human” Garreau discusses the concept “singularity” along with views from Vernon Vinge‚ Ray Kurzweil and others. Singularity is this drastic change that will take place during a period of accelerating change in particular with technology. “The Curve implies one of the all-time changes in the rules. Those who study it call it “The Singularity”. (p.67)
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was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay‚ Inc. PepsiCo has since expanded from its namesake product Pepsi to a broader range of food and beverage brands‚ the largest of which include an acquisition of Tropicana in 1998 and a merger with Quaker Oats in 2001—which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio. As of January 2012‚ 22 of PepsiCo’s product lines generated retail sales of more than $1 billion each‚ and the company’s products were distributed across more than
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Color in film went through a self-contained evolution much like sound. Many films of the silent era‚ for instance‚ used processes such as tinting and toning to give an overall color to the frame (Thomspon & Bordwell 34). Thompson and Bordwell comment on the process that “color could provide information about the narrative situation and hence make the story clearer to the spectator” (34)‚ much like the use of photogénie and mise-en-scene by the Impressionists and Expressionists. Other films‚ such
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Evolutionary Concepts Defining Speciation: BSC and Recognition concept Species are produced by individual speciation events‚ so a single species concept can’t be defining all species. Hugh Paterson’s ideas are significant in understanding evolution. Paterson argues that speciation is not an adaptive process‚ but is a result of the adaptation of intricate bonding mechanisms to a new environment (Paterson). The conceptual basis of his research is the Recognition Concept of Species. He argues that
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the major goals of marketing is reaching the brand loyalty phase to a customer. Brand loyalty would be the commitment of a consumer to continue purchasing and supporting the company/brand. Companies benefit from this because they have a constant customer who would spread the word about the company and will be willing to pay higher prices for a certain product or service. Brand Loyalty Most people if not everyone is loyal to a certain brand or service. When a company offers good customer
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IKEA has created a global brand focused on low prices and contemporary designs. In 2009‚ Interbrand ranked IKEA 28th on its list of the top 100 global brands (# 35 in 2008 indicating 10% increase in brand value over just year). IKEA’s success is attributed to its vast experience in the furniture retail market‚ its product differentiation and cost leadership. The brand Ikea has become iconic in consumers’ minds. CEO‚ Anders Dahlvig‚ states “the awareness of our brand is much bigger than the size of
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specialty stores are swiftly replacing the traditional formats dramatically altering the retailing landscape in India. Different retail formats are present in the market. Brands or retailers decide the formats based on their products. Brands generally consider three types of retail formats: Exclusive brand outlet‚ large format store‚ Multi brand outlet. India is the third-most attractive retail market for global retailers among the 30 largest emerging markets‚ according to US consulting group AT Kearney’s
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