such as mercury and lead with high pressure into a wellbore‚ fractures smaller than 1mm will be created and a vast amount of formerly inaccessible hydrocarbon are now available for use and thus brought “U.S. to become one of the world ’s top three oil producers”(Garder‚ US Reuters). On the other hand‚ this seemingly stupendous process with such salient features also bears another side – Hydraulic fracturing gives off numerous environmental risks such as contamination of ground water and surface air
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APPLICATION OF EXPLORING LICENCE FOR OIL AND NATURAL GAS The exploring operations for natural gas and oil are regulated in Turkish Petroleum Law and exploration licence is given by the General Directorate of Petroleum Affairs. Exploration licence is issued in an aim to perform exploration activites within the land that the exploration licence covers‚ to undertake investgations around the land covered by the exploration licence‚ to develop the land where petroleum is found and to produce petroleum
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Hydraulic fracturing or “fracking” is the process of drilling and injecting fluid into the ground at high pressures in order to release natural gas from shale rocks by fracturing them. It takes an abundance of resources to create just one fracking well. Each gas well needs on average four hundred tanker trucks to carry water and supplies to the site. Fracking uses a great deal of water. Each fracturing job requires one to eight million gallons of water to complete it. Hydraulic fracturing has a huge effect
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pressures to blast open shale rock and release the trapped gas inside. The process of fracking starts with drilling a hole deep in the earth’s surface until it reaches natural gas. From there they can start the operation and retrieve the natural gas. Oil and gas companies that use fracking state that it is very safe and does not harm the environment. On the other
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Should companies operate in Violent Areas: |Yes |No | |The higher the risk‚ the bigger the reward |Easy mark for kidnapping | |Disease is still a bigger risk than violence |There are about 8.000 kidnappings per year‚ most of them foreign | |
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There is nothing fictitious about the arguments in fracking. Hydraulic fracturing‚ also known as fracking‚ is a way of obtaining oil and gas through the practice of cracking open rocks at high pressures using water‚ sand‚ and various chemicals (Jackson‚ 2016‚ para. 1). All over America‚ numerous interest groups participate in a continuous debate on the ethics of this procedure. Two prominent documentaries that circulate the media are FrackNation by Phelim McAleer and Gasland by Josh Fox. Each
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Energy Information Administration estimates that just less than half of the decline in production is owed to the alternative of shale gas for electrical energy production instead of coal burning (U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)). Fracking wells and shale gas are currently less expensive than coal in the United States. President Obama has commended the United States use of natural gas in his speech on climate change attributing it with producing cleaner energy. Many have
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Hydraulic fracturing is when a hole or "well" is drilled deep into the ground‚ in an effort to extract valuable natural gas reserves which exist beneath the surface. The process of constructing a hydraulic fracturing well includes drilling into the Earth--first vertically and then horizontally‚ then lining the well with a two-terminal tube with one terminal that is filled with water while the other pipes the recovered natural gases up above ground (Withgott & Laposata‚ 2014). In order to exhume the
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gallons of water into the ground to crack shale rock around a gas well. When the shale rocks around the wells are cracked‚ it allows natural gas‚ specifically methane‚ to flow into the wells. To fracture the shale rock‚ the water injected into the ground has to be at a very high pressure and is loaded with sand and about 40‚000 gallons of 600 different dangerous chemicals. Once the natural gas has flown into the underground well‚ it can be extracted and stored in tanks above ground to later be
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IXWY la my ~tOm ~tin*In0mUUn300-. lllwlmdOIU notb8 COpkl. mo TWabdractshouldcantain conaplcuws ~tOfti-mt~tic4n sPk PaPN Pmunm. WItbUbmim-1‚ P.o. Box SU.S3S‚luchudwnpTx 7sOs33s3s‚ W&A‚* 01.214-9s2.9s3s. Abstract In the last few years the oil and gas indusby has been turned around with respect to gas production and availability. Clean burning and abundant natural gas resources have caused high demand‚ and because of the tax incentives‚ coalbed methane is a popular gas source. Coalbed
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