The use of hides and skins‚ tanned or untanned‚ as useful articles has been with us for thousands of years. The Oxford Dictionary refers to leather as "material made from the hide or skin of an animal by tanning". Tanning‚ in simple terms‚ refers to the treatment of raw hides and skins with tanning substances to render the material immune to bacterial attack‚ ie to produce leather. Additional changes introduced in the process of tanning are secondary and are related to the tanning and retanning chemicals
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Isolation of Acetyleugenol (Clove Oil) from Cloves Purpose In this experiment‚ you will obtain the essential oil from cloves by steam distillation. You will then separate a component (acetyleugenol) from the oil by liquid-liquid extraction. Finally‚ you will isolate the acetyleugenol by using a rotovap for reduced pressure distillation‚ which will remove the organic solvent (dichloromethane). Background Whole cloves contain between 14% and 20% by weight of essential oils‚ but
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and sand thereby reducing the working volume of the digesters and the efficiency of the sludge treatment. Some of the valves at the digesters are old and defective making it difficult to operate the digesters at full capacity. • Some of the sludge drying beds are defect and need urgent repair for sludge handling purposes. • There are not enough process control instruments for plant optimization and control; instruments such as Dissolved Oxygen Meter‚ pH Meter (for sludge digestion)‚ Ammonia and phosphate
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WHAT IS NAIL POLISH? A non-polar coating used to decorate fingernails and toenails. Its composed of several different chemicals that give it strength‚ flexibility‚ and resistance to chipping and peeling. WHAT IS IT MADE OF? 1. First‚ solvents are used to mix together all the ingredients in a nail polish to yield a uniform liquid product. a. The type and amount of solvent determines how thick a polish is and how long it takes to dry b. Most Common solvent- ethyl acetate. c. Ill talk more about
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probiotic products and to overcome other technological hurdles such as the food production stresses. The aim of this research study was to develop process technology for a probiotic cereal bar by microencapsulating probiotics using the method of freeze drying and evaluating the viability of encapsulated probiotics in a cereal bar. A cereal mixture comprising of corn flakes‚ oat flakes‚ wheat bran were used to prepare cereal bar. The probiotic strains Lactobacillus casei (MTCC 1423)‚
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North Central Texas may be turning to desert By Teresa Watkin In the last few years Texas has been drying up. According to NOAH weather maps show North Central Texas is need of precipitation. The summer of 2011 was so hot and dry wild fires destroyed much of North Central Texas. There as a lack of rain for 52 days straight. Most of the Possum Kingdom Lake area burnted up bad. Homes were lost and a couple of firefighters lost their lives as well. The town of Graham was lock down so no one
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A4 FOOD SPOILAGE AND PRESERVATION References/Resources: Food Facts page 81-82 The Science of Food page 213-234 Cooking explained 3rd edition page 207-209 FOOD SPOILAGE A.4.1 food spoilage Food becoming unfit for consumption‚ for example‚ due to chemical or biological contamination. Most natural foods have a limited life. Perishable food such as: fish‚ meat‚ milk and bread have a short lifespan. Other foods keep a considerably longer time but decompose eventually. There are many causes
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Painting is the practice of applying paint‚ pigment‚ color or other medium[1] to a surface(support base). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other implements‚ such as knives‚ sponges‚ and airbrushes‚ can be used. In art‚ the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However‚ painting is also used outside of art as a common trade among craftsmen and builders. Paintings may have for their support such surfaces as walls‚ paper‚ canvas‚ wood‚ glass‚ lacquer
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of paper mache. You MUST do this in one sitting -- if you half mache a balloon it will pop when the mache starts to dry. Let the project dry completely (12 to 24 hours depending on your humidity level). You can put a fan near it to speed up the drying. Bumblebee Paper Mache Craft If making a pinata: cut an opening in the top of the bird. (Use a damp cloth to soften the mache if you have trouble cutting the opening). Fill with candy or small toys. Add a string or rubber band that is attached
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Loss on Ignition is a test used in inorganic analytical chemistry‚ particularly in the analysis of minerals. It consists of strongly heating ("igniting") a sample of the material at a specified temperature‚ allowing volatile substances to escape‚ until its mass ceases to change. This may be done in air‚ or in some other reactive or inert atmosphere. The simple test typically consists of placing a few grams of the material in a tared‚ pre-ignited crucible and determining its mass‚ placing it in a
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