After 14 years of trial and error‚ he developed a process he called Appertizing. Fruits‚ vegetables‚ fish‚ or meat was sealed in stoppered bottles and the filled bottles were immersed in boiling water; the heat sterilized the bottles and food alike. Appert knew nothing of enzymes or bacteria‚ nor did anyone else in his day. He did observe that when food was heated in the sealed bottles‚ the food remained good as long as the seal was not broken. The food remained edible until the bottles were
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Thermochemical Biomass Gasification – A Review of Technologies Abstract Gasification (in the context of this paper) is an energy process that produces a gas which can be used to substitute fossil fuels. It is a process which enhances biomass’ usefulness as a renewable resource as the product gas (syngas) can easily be transported along existing gas pipelines‚ and can either be mixed with‚ or used as a replacement for natural gas combustion in gas turbines for power and heat generation. Syngas
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Exp 23 B Synthesis of t-Pentyl Chloride 11-8-12 Purpose: The sysnthesis of t-Pentyl Chloride from alcohol. Procedure: Preparation of t-Pentyl Chloride. In a 125-mL separatory funnel‚ place 10.0 mL of t-pentyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-butanol‚ MW _ 88.2‚ d _ 0.805 g/mL) and 25 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (d _ 1.18 g/mL). Do not stopper the funnel. Gently swirl the mixture in the separatory funnel for about 1 minute. After this period of swirling‚ stopper the separatory funnel and
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Module One: Text Questions 1. The financial choices we make impact our economy. Think of a recent item you purchased. What factors influenced your decision in making this purchase? Did this purchase impact your local economy? Explain why or why not. A recent item I purchased was a Patte Kode yesterday with a few friends after a SGA meeting. The factors that influenced me to buy that item were my hunger‚ the near location of the Haitian establishment to my school‚ the price‚ and past experience of
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Mabel M. Kimble September 21‚ 2014 Chemistry 234 Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid ABSTRACT The recrystallization of Benzoic Acid was performed to fully master the ability to purify a solid compound. This form of purification technique is especially important in chemical identification‚ where the melting point of the compound is taken to confirm its purity. In order to perform recrystallization a solubility test much be completed. Four solvents (95% Ethanol‚ Petroleum Ether‚ Acetone and distilled
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PM-DTPA/PTX was developed to passively target solid tumors‚ however‚ instability of micellar carriers in an aqueous medium are often reported problems. Thus lyophilization is a potential alternative to prevent instability in these cases[23‚24‚30]. Given that freeze-dried kits for radiodiagnosis are reported as an easy‚ fast‚ safe and reproducible way to obtain radiopharmaceuticals‚ it has been seen as a safe and effective alternative to prepare the PM-DTPA/PTX formulation[22‚31‚32]. However‚ considering
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process of making paper involves two stages: the breaking up of raw material (which contains cellulose fibre) in water to form a pulp (a suspension of fibres)‚ and the formation of sheet paper by spreading this suspension on a porous surface‚ and drying‚ often under pressure. Hand papermaking has enjoyed a major revival over the past 30 years‚ using new and innovative approaches. Handmade paper has a unique texture and an individual quality that makes it not only a surface to write‚ paint‚ or print
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of ancient Egyptian funerary belief and practice. Early mummification involved the wrapping of specific parts of the body such as the face and hands. It has been suggested that the process developed to reproduce the naturally occurring desiccating (drying) effects of the hot dry sand on a body buried within it. The best literary account of the mummification process is given by Herodotus‚ an ancient
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separation. 2. Crystals on the beaker and in the sand after decantation. Which may make the mass of the sand higher than it should be. Also on the glass stirring rod. Should have weighed the glass rod before and after the procedure. 3. While drying the sand we noted a popping of the sand in the bottom of the beaker. We quickly turned off the burner and allowed it to cool. 4. While
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History of Chinese Tea: Chinese Tea has a very long and complex history that dates back a few millennia. According to Chinese legends‚ a Chinese inventor and emperor was the first person to discover tea in 2737BC. It is said that the emperor liked his drinking water boiled before he drank it so it would be clean‚ so that is what his servants did. One day‚ on a trip to a distant region‚ he and his army stopped to rest. A servant began boiling water for him to drink‚ and a dead leaf from the wild
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