However‚ every income is taxable under income tax law‚ whether it is received in cash or in kind‚ whether it is capital or revenue income‚ but still some incomes are given exemption from tax. In this lesson we will study those incomes which are exempt from tax. Here are some of the important items of income‚ which are fully exempt from income tax and which can be utilised by a resident individual Indian assessee for the purpose of tax planning. ➢ AGRICULTURAL INCOME: Under the
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found out that on average‚ managers and directors own an average of 26.7 percent of the cash flow rights and 50.7 percent of the voting rights among firms in dual-class. Dual-class firms rely more heavily on debt financing‚ possibly because investors do not wish to buy stock with inferior voting rights. The median debt-to-assets ratio for dual-class firms is 0.21; for single-class companies it is 0.09. Managers are willing to pursue more rapid growth. Increased cash flow ownership increases capital
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DEVRY UNIVERSITY KELLER GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT APPLIED MANAGERIAL STATISTICS GM533 SPRING SESSION A 2001 COURSE PROJECT Obesity in United States The Impact of Family Income on BMI Fort Lauderdale April 15‚ 201 1.0 Executive Summary The rising rate of obesity has reached epidemic proportions
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Measurement of National Income • Like the accounts of a business national income accounts have two sides: a product side and an income side. • On the product side production and sales are measured. • The income side measures the distribution of the proceeds from sales. • On the product side there are two widely reported measures of overall production: • Gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP) • GDP and GNP differ in their treatment of international transactions. • GNP
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Recently‚ a term known as income inequality has been thrown around in the debate between the rich and the poor. Income inequality is the unfair and ever expanding disparity between the nation ’s highest-income households‚ and the lowest-income households. Although it ’s impossible to establish 100% equality‚ due to it being unfair to give everyone the same exact income even though certain individuals work harder than others‚ thus it should be our
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Eric Tuiloma Prof. Elder English 102 24 April 2012 Income for College Football Athletes College football athletes have been selling their jerseys‚ selling signature footballs‚ and committing crimes in order to be able to feed and support themselves financially to survive in the real world. Student athletes don’t have enough time on their hands to work during the season or during off season workouts. It’s considered a year round sport due to the fact that in offseason‚ college football players
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the growing inequality between wages and profits. Through looking at these two relationships we can see the worsening condition of the distribution of income and wealth in Australia. When looking at changes in income in Australia‚ the recent trends (as seen in diagram 1 and diagram 2) shows the top 20% or highest quintile‚ increasing their income share from an averaged 38% in 1994/95 to over 41% in 2007/08. This increase has resulted from the long period of economic growth‚ characterised by increasing
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ZARA Income Statement Period Ending: 2012 31/12 2011 31/12 2010 31/12 2009 31/12 Total Revenue 82.98 78.19 89.69 76.7 Revenue 82.98 78.19 89.69 76.7 Other Revenue‚ Total - - - - Cost of Revenue‚ Total 60.29 56.72 59.02 52 Gross Profit 22.69 21.47 30.67 24.7 Total Operating Expenses 77.61 73.35 74.12 63.51 Selling/General/Admin. Expenses‚ Total 3.69 3.24 3.96 3.56 Research & Development - - - - Depreciation / Amortization 13.63 13.38 11.14 7
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some consumers. Proportion of income required by the item: products requiring a larger portion of the consumer’s income tend to have greater elasticity. • Time period considered: elasticity tends to be greater over the long run because consumers have more time to adjust their behavoir to price changes. Income elasticity of demand measure the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded of good X to a given change in level of income‚ ceteris paribus. Income elasticity of demand is calculated
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Today‚ earnings management methods‚ such as income smoothing‚ are becoming more and more ubiquitous ways of improving earnings quality and attractiveness to investors. Because investors pay such close attention to income levels and firm stability‚ such methods are coming under heavy scrutiny‚ and are receiving more attention in the way of research and studies. The scrutiny is an attempt to explain the effects‚ and whether or not‚ in the long-run‚ these methods of earnings management are‚ in fact
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