In addition to its direct effect on poverty‚ inequality also effects poverty indirectly through its impact on growth. Initial cross-country studies found that greater initial income inequality actually reduces future growth even after controlling for initial levels of GDP and human capital. Evidence predominantly suggests that inequality is bad for growth. The World Development Report 2000/01 concludes that better distribution is possible without a reduction in economic growth. In other words there
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In economics‚ the terms circular flow of income or circular flowrefer to a simple economic model which describes the reciprocal circulation of income between producers and consumers.[1][2] In the circular flow model‚ the inter-dependent entities of producer and consumer are referred to as "firms" and "households" respectively and provide each other with factors in order to facilitate the flow of income.[1] Firms provide consumers with goods and services in exchange for consumer expenditure and "factors
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There are number of experiments that have produced unanticipated results and if by chance the information falls into the hands of individuals that want to cause harm could be castastrophic (“Dual Use Research: A Dialogue”). Dual use research is a growing concern that has the scientific community and the public frequently discussing the potential harm a research could bring if one intends to use the information improperly‚ in turn‚ potentially turn the information around to cause harm (Biotechnology
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Equilibrium Level of Income The Consumption and Saving Functions Consumption is the part of income spent on goods and services yielding direct satisfaction. It occupies the biggest chunk of the expenditure on output. Y= C+S Where Y= Income C= Consumption S= Saving Factors Influencing Consumption 1. Distribution of national income 2. Interst rate 3. Desire to hold cash 4. Price level 5. Population 6. Income 7. Taxes 8. Attitudes and values Consumption function is the relationship
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time? (Muni) Write the history of national income estimates in India? What are the estimates of National Income before and after independence? Ans: Estimations of National Income before independence: Several estimates of National Income were prepared during the British period. The 1st estimate of national income was prepared by Dadabhai Nauroji for the year 1867 - 68. Accordingly the N.I and Per Capita Income of the country were Rs. 340 crores & Rs
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in. Income inequality is a touchy subject for some. For most though‚ it’s a subject that needs to be discussed in our society today. Minority households in my opinion seem to suffer more from income inequality than Whites. We should all want to know what the problem is. I don’t think it’s because whites have all the better paying jobs than minority workers. From my understanding of information gathered women and minorities continue to bring home less than white men because of the way income inequality
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INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Still to date‚ the problem of income inequality is an issue of a great importance for million of African-Americans and others who struggle to improve their quality of life. It must be known by now‚ that economic injustice has had a devastating impact on black communities all across America. Issues such as inequality and racial discrimination in education‚ the social environment‚ and economics have gone on for too long‚ and it has been engraved
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Note: Income Statement Format Hanna 2004-08-03 Income Statement Presentation The objective of studying the format and presentation of the income statement is to gain an understanding of the different ways that certain economic events can be presented. Sometimes‚ the type of presentation depends upon management’s intent regarding the future. Needless to say‚ there is a lot of room for the application of judgment when choosing amongst various acceptable income statement formats. Interpreting
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& D | ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ | Restructuring costs | ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ | Total Operating Exp | $1‚216.00 | Operating income | $1‚660.00 | Total interest and other Income net | $194.00 | Income before provision for Income taxes | $1‚854.00 | Provision for income Taxes (15%) | $278.10 | Net income | $1‚575.90 | September 25‚ 2009
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A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region‚ including gross domestic product (GDP)‚ gross national product (GNP)‚ net national income (NNI)‚ and adjusted national income (NNI* adjusted for natural resource depletion). All are specially concerned with counting the total amount of goods and services produced within some "boundary". The boundary is usually defined by geography or citizenship‚ and may also restrict
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