Purdue University Leyla Ozsen IE 383 Fall 2005 DECISION ANALYSIS Making important decisions often requires treating major uncertainty‚ long time horizons‚ and complex value issues. To deal with such problems‚ the discipline of decision analysis was developed. The discipline comprises the philosophy‚ theory‚ methodology‚ and professional practice necessary to formalize the analysis of important decisions. Decision Analysis is a set of quantitative decision-making techniques for decision situations
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change in price‚ output or forms of nonprice competition. 4. Non-price competition: Non-price competition is a consistent feature of the competitive strategies of oligopolistic firms. Duopoly Duopoly is a form of oligopoly. In its purest form two firms control all of the market‚ but in reality the term duopoly is used to describe any market where two firms dominate with a
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Monopolistic competition was identified firstly by Edward Chamberlin and Joan Robinson in 1930. (Economiconline) • Oligopoly: is the market in which there are some companies‚ their business affects companies remaining. (BPP 2010‚ page 249) • Duopoly: is the market in which there are two sellers who compete with each other with identical goods. Other companies’ output is seen to be fixed. This case stays between monopoly and competition. (BPP 2010‚ page
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THE CASE OF THE JAPANESE BRIBE I. BACKGROUND OF THE CASE 1976: Former Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka was arrested on charges of taking bribes amounting to $1.8 Million Dollars from Lockheed Aircraft Company. Tanaka’s secretary and several other government officials were arrested together with former Prime Minister Tanaka. Takeo Miki was ousted from office on suspicion of concealing Tanaka’s dealings with Lockheed Aircraft Company. In Holland‚ Prince Bernhard resigned from 300 government
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True B. False 3. A decision tree branches out to include all of the possible decisions and all of the possible events we are capable of identifying. A. True B. False A. True B. False 4. Because Payoffs and Probabilities are estimates‚ sensitivity analysis is useful. A. True B. False A. True B. False 5. A decision tree requires five or more branches to be useful. A. True B. False A. True B.
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1. What is CSX’s motive for buying Conrail? • Synergy effect with lower cost The merged company could consolidate overlapping operations and reduce cost. CSX estimated that cost reduction would yield an additional $370 million in annual operating income by the year 2000‚ net of merger costs. • Expansion of market share by extending railroad network Railroad industry is a mature market. The only option to grow is through acquisitions. In 1995‚ Conrail owned 29.4% of the Eastern rail
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Financial Derivatives DERIVATIVE SECURITY: A derivative security is a security whose value is contingent on the value of other more basic underlying variables. Hence derivatives are also known as contingent claims. Very often the variables underlying derivatives securities are the prices of traded securities. For example‚ stock option. Futures and Options ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒ actively traded on the many different exchanges. Forward Contracts‚ Swaps ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒ traded outside of exchanges by financial Institutions
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Decision Theory Models The Six Steps in Decision Theory * Clearly define the problem at hand. * List the possible alternatives. * Identify the possible outcomes or states of nature. * List the payoff or profit of each combination of alternatives and outcomes. * Select one of the mathematical decision theory models. * Apply the model and make your decision. Case Here we use the Thompson Lumber Company case as an example to illustrate these decision theory steps. John Thompson
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Option Valuation Chapter 21 Intrinsic and Time Value intrinsic value of in-the-money options = the payoff that could be obtained from the immediate exercise of the option for a call option: stock price – exercise price for a put option: exercise price – stock price the intrinsic value for out-the-money or at-themoney options is equal to 0 time value of an option = difference between actual call price and intrinsic value as time approaches expiration date‚ time value goes to zero 21-2
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normally unattainable in practice and is often used as a comparative tool by economists to evaluate different markets. In terms of competitive nature‚ we can classify real world organisations under the following headings‚ Monopoly‚ Monopsony‚ Oligopoly‚ duopoly and Monopolistic Competition. Monopoly In the UK‚ a business controlling 25% of the market is considered a monopoly. According to Stigler‚ G (2008) a monopoly is “an enterprise that is the only seller of a good or service”. In order for a true
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