Future of Modernization Paper * * As I analyzed the different modern theorists from Chapter 16‚ Social Change: Modern and Postmodern Societies‚ (Macionis. 2011) which are‚ “Ferdinand Tönnies: The Loss of Community‚ Emile Durkheim: The Division of Labor‚ Max Weber: Rationalization‚ and Karl Marx: Capitalism‚” and based upon the supplied information‚ I think the United States has manifested modernization in society through the theory described by “Emile Durkeim: The Division
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Modernism sociologically‚ is a discipline that arose in direct response to the social problems of "modernity" (Harriss 2000‚ 325); the term most generally refers to the social conditions‚ processes‚ and discourses of 1438-1789 and extending to the 1970s or later (Toulmin 1992‚ 3–5). Modernity may also refer to tendencies in intellectual culture‚ particularly the movements intertwined with secularization and post-industrial life‚ such as Marxism‚ existentialism‚ and the formal establishment of social
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looking at the concepts’ similarities‚ differences and origins. The present-day solutions in use such as trade unions‚ nihilism and religion also warrant exploration. Both of these theories are put forward by the authors as the central problem of modernity which arose from the move to a capitalist state in Marx’s view and the move to an industrial state in Durkheim’s view. It is worth noting that these notions are fundamentally opposed when trying to address the same issue‚ which brings up the central
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solidarity. Durkheim believed organic solidarity would take over the traditional community‚ in which Durkheim termed as mechanical solidarity or the shared moral beliefs of preindustrial societies‚ this also being similar to Tonnies concept of Gemeinschaft in which people are closely linked by kinship and tradition (Axia College‚ 2010). Though Durkheim and Tonnies had similar theories to the concept of modernization‚ Durkheim is known to lean toward a more optimistic outlook; however Durkheim was weary
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community (Gemeinschaft). He also believed that modernization caused people in modern societies to drift apart and personal relationships became more impersonal as people became more self-absorbed (Gesellschaft). Ferdinand Tönnies theory suggests that … modernity turns society inside out so that people are essentially separated in spite of uniting factors (Macionis‚ J.‚ 2006‚ page 457). Large cities provide an excellent example of Ferdinand Tönnies theory of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. People pass one
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functionalists have been subject to criticism. One of the most prominent functionalists to have lived‚ Durkheim‚ explained crime as a problem of modernity associated with the decline of mechanic solidarity‚ a society that is homogenous and in cohesion. In times of social change people may lose sight of the shared norms and values they’ve become accustomed too‚ creating a weaker collective conscience. Durkheim describes this state of ‘normlessness’ as anomie which is expressed not just through crime but‚
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religion sets certain norms and values for society and gives people morals. Durkheim see’s religion as something that contributes to society‚ rather than to any specific belief in god or any supernatural life form. For functionalists‚ society is a system of interrelated parts with basic needs that must be met in order to survive. Religion plays a key function for society as it creates social solidarity and a value consensus. Durkheim says that the key feature of religion is not a belief in gods or the supernatural
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concepts within each theory Assessment criteria: 1.1 Explain some of the historical developments in sociological thought from the Enlightenment 2.1 Identify the distinguishing characteristics of sociological theories put forward by Karl Marx‚ Emile Durkheim and Max Weber 3.1 Analyse the functionalist‚
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The 19th century is the age of Darwin and the theory of evolution (Berger‚ 2006). Combined with the unfolding of internal socioeconomical powers‚ through the division of labor of the complex industrialized world (Szirmai‚ 2005)‚ Europe enters modernity by creating a linear progressive time metaphor (Osborne‚ P. 1995‚ p.xii). It celebrates it’s emergent position in the world and propagates optimism for the future. But‚ although‚ the industrial revolution starts in the early nineteenth century‚ fifty
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1. Classical Marxist theories have served as a springboard of inspiration for a variety of contemporary theorists challenging the existing state of society and seeking social justice and a fair society. Consequently‚ feminist standpoint theories‚ theories that represent a specific disposition‚ align with common themes found throughout Marxist interpretations of society‚ with an emphasis on the development of individual schemas dependent upon the relationship between the individual and their
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