►Introduction to Income Taxes ►What are taxes? Payment required by a government upon income earned by individuals‚ businesses and other taxable entities that is unrelated to any specific benefit or service received from the government Types of taxes: Property taxes Sales taxes Gas taxes Payroll taxes ►Progressive/graduated tax Generally‚ rates increase as income increases ►Federal income taxes ►FORMULA: ►Income (very broadly inclusive) ►LESS: Exclusions (income not subject to taxation)
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II. Criteria for Evaluating a Tax Structure Adam Smith -canons of taxation Equality Convenience Certainty Economy III. Tax Structure Tax base: Tax rates: Incidence of tax: Examples: Income $10 $20 $30 $3 (30%) $6 (30%) $9 (30%) $3 (30%) $7 (35%) $12 (40%) IV. Major Types of Taxes Property Taxes Transaction Taxes Death Taxes Gift Taxes Income Taxes Employment Taxes Other U.S. Taxes V. Formula for Federal Income Tax on Individuals Figure
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refinancing‚ or capital infusion. This note describes traditional bank lending products‚ the role of the lending officer‚ credit evaluation‚ and the structuring of credit facilities and loan agreements. Specialized loan and credit products are described in Appendix A. Traditional Commercial Bank Lending Products While increased competition has forced banks to develop innovative credit facilities and financing techniques‚ traditional products‚ which include short-term‚ long-term‚ and revolving loans
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WHAT IS TAX PLANNING ? Tax planning is an essential part of your financial planning. Efficient tax planning enables you to reduce your tax liability to the minimum. This is done by legitimately taking advantage of all tax exemptions‚ deductions rebates and allowances while ensuring that your investments are in line with your long term goals. Tax-planning amounts to making investments or contributions in line with prescribed guidelines that lead to reduction in tax liability. Simply put‚ the tax liability
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Australian Journal of Business and Management Research Vol.2 No.02 [31-38] | May-2012 CREDIT RISK AND COMMERCIAL BANKS’ PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA: A PANEL MODEL APPROACH KOLAPO‚ T. Funso (Corresponding Author) Department of Banking and Finance‚ Faculty of Management Sciences Ekiti State University‚ Ado-Ekiti‚ Nigeria. realvega1959@yahoo.com AYENI‚ R. Kolade (Ph.D) Department of Economics‚ Faculty of Social Sciences Ekiti State University‚ Ado Ekiti‚ Ekiti State‚ Nigeria. raphkolayeni@yahoo
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Tax evasion Definition Tax evasion is an unlawful practice which has the effect of reducing the government revenue needed for the provision of infrastructure‚ public services and public utilities. (Otosanya ‚ 2009). Spicer (1975) also stated that‚ tax evasion “ tax evasion result in a loss of tax revenues‚ impair the chances of realizing the distributional or equity goal of taxation‚ and if they become widespread‚ as they have in recent times‚ then more tax payer‚ may lose faith in the tax administration
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Summarize the sources and objectives of modern income tax statutes. The primary source of US tax law is Congress. Power to initiate tax legislation is vested in the House of Representatives but all tax bills must pass both houses and be signed into law by the President. Many times the details of the legislation are not dictated by Congress‚ but left to the Treasury Department which adopts regulations (that have the force of law) to spell out the details as well as interpret the statutes and provide
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EASTERN CARIBBEAN CENTRAL BANK GUIDELINES ON CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT FOR INSTITUTIONS LICENSED TO CONDUCT BANKING BUSINESS UNDER THE BANKING ACT Prepared by the BANK SUPERVISION DEPARTMENT May 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I II III IV V OVERVIEW INTERPRETATION AUTHORITY APPLICATION COMMENCEMENT 1 2 3 3 3 4 10 12 14 15 CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME ADEQUATE CREDIT RISK CONTROLS ROLE OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS LOAN SYNDICATIONS OTHER REPORTING REQUIREMENTS INTRODUCTION I
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MEMORANDUM TO: Dr. Green FROM: Kecia Carter DATE: November 28‚ 2010 RE: Tax Memo #1/Gambling Activities Issue #1 Dr. Green is a practicing physician in Chicago who‚ as an avid blackjack and slot machine player‚ travels to Las Vegas bi-weekly to gamble. He would like to know what criteria are used to determine whether his gambling activities constitute a trade or business for federal income tax purposes and whether or not you think his gambling activities qualify for trade or business
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Basics of Direct Taxes(Income Tax Act) and Indirect Taxes(VAT‚ CST‚ Excise duty‚ Service Tax etc.‚) The Persons who are taxed are called “Assessees”. Assessees or “Person” under the Income Tax Act‚ 1961(as amended Yearly under the respective Finance Acts) are as follows:- 1) Individual 2) Hindu Undivided Family(HUF) 3) Firm or Association of Persons(AOP) 4) Joint Stock Company 5) Every other person Whether an Assessee is liable to be taxed and if so‚ on what income etc.‚ depends on the
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