Abstract A quality of earning assessment is a tool used by analyst to determine the correlation between accounting income and economic income. The techniques to analyze accounting income and economic income include: comparing accounting principles‚ reviewing changes in accounting principles‚ analyzing discretionary and warranty expenditures‚ understanding replacement cost of assets and managements and auditors opinion of the company. A quality of earnings assessment of PepsiCo is applied to
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SHARE CAPITAL Share capital is the Funds raised by issuing shares in return for cash or other considerations. The amount of share capital a company has can change over time because each time a business sells new shares to the public in exchange for cash‚ the amount of share capital will increase. Share capital can be composed of both common and preferred shares. Each share carrying a vote in the management of the business‚ managerial control may be limited. The authorized capital of a company is
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CHAPTER 1 1.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE 1.1.1 About this Industry: Finance and Share Market. [pic] 1.1.2 BSE • The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) (formerly‚ The Stock Exchange‚ Bombay) is a stock exchange is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. • The equity market capitalization of the companies listed on the BSE wasUS$1.63 trillion as of December 2010‚ making it the 4th largest stock exchange in Asia and the 8th largest in the world. • The BSE has the largest number of listed
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sources of fund is known as cost of capital. Cost of capital is only minimum required rate of return to earn on investment and it is not the actual earning rate of the firm. Retained earnings‚ used as a part of the capital structure of a business firm‚ is that part of the earnings available to common shareholders not paid out as dividends or the earnings plowed back into the firm for growth. As such‚ their cost to the firm is an opportunity cost. In other words‚ they could have paid the money out as
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Company’s Act 1956‚ share means a part in the share capital of the company and it also includes stock except where a distinction between stock and share capital is made expressed or implied. TYPES OF SHARES: As per the provision of section 85 of the Companies Act‚ 1956‚ the share capital of a company consists of two classes of shares‚ namely: 1. Preference Shares 2. Equity Shares PREFERENCE SHARES: According to Sec 85(1)‚ of the Companies Act‚ 1956‚ a preference share is one‚ which carries
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REPURCHASE OF SHARES In the past two decades‚ major U.S. corporations have increasingly repurchased significant amounts of their own common shares. The reasons for this development and its implications for the theory of share valuation and public policy‚ however‚ have been subject to numerous‚ and often conflicting‚ interpretations. The repurchase of shares is not legal under all codes of law; but in the countries where it is legal‚ it opens up a variety of opportunities for gains for the stockholders
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Performance objectives are benchmarks of effective performance that describe the types of work activities students and affiliates will be involved in as trainee accountants. They also outline the values and attitudes trainees should demonstrate as they fulfil their practical experience requirements. Trainees are required to achieve 13 performance objectives in total – all nine Essentials performance objectives and any four Options performance objectives. Performance objectives are divided into nine
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A PROJECT REPORT ON MARKET PENETRATION FOR LOAN AGAINST SECURITY Submitted to CHITKARA BUSINESS SCHOOL In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Master of business administration SUBMITTED BY: SUPERVISED BY: MONIKA RAWAT MS. RUHANI MAHAJAN CUN110550047
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reported earnings and the reasons behind each way may be different. (1) Report lower earnings. Managers intend to report lower earnings for mainly three reasons. Firstly‚ they want to hide profit for future use. In some years‚ the company presents a strong performance and has earned huge profit; however the manager may worry that the company’s future performance would not be as strong as current year‚ which gives them the incentive to save the profit by reporting a managed lower earning‚ so that
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GDP Per Capita as a Measure of well being When countries are compared using their GDP per capita important factors such as health‚ education and quality of environment are not included and thus the overall well being of the nation may not be accurately measured‚ in order to determine whether this statement is accurate we should compare well being in countries with differing GDP per capita results‚ we will examine various statistics from the United States‚ Norway and the Netherlands. Factors such
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