contribution to state revenue‚ levied by the government on workers’ income and business profits or added to the cost of some goods‚ services‚ and transactions. People pay taxes every time they get a paycheck. They pay taxes for social security and medicaid. There are many advantages and disadvantages to paying taxes. Some advantages of paying taxes are control inflation ‚ discourage use of harmful products‚ revenue generation ‚ redistribution of income. The primary job of the Federal Reserve is to control
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Project Earnings Manipulation: An Ethics Case Based on Agency Theory ABSTRACT: The impact of accounting information on ethical behavior has been extensively documented. Additionally‚ agency theory is a widely accepted behavioral perspective. Despite this‚ there is an absence of instructional material in the accounting education literature that ties ethical issues to an agency-theory context. The primary objective of this case is to highlight control system ethical issues using an agency-theory context
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safeguard the collection of taxes in Pakistan 1. Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) By the enactment of FBR Act 2007 in July 2007 the Central Boards of Revenue has now become Federal Board of Revenue. Their work is to enhance the capability of the tax system to collect due taxes through application of modern techniques‚ providing taxpayer assistance and by creating a motivated‚ satisfied‚ dedicated and professional workforce. Governments use different kinds of taxes and vary the tax rates. This
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2004 total $137‚997. This amount was deducted from the fiscal 2004 income but could not be deducted on the income tax return until paid. At a tax rate of 36%‚ the difference between the income tax expenses calculated on income before taxes on the income statement and the taxes due based on taxable income per the income tax return would be $49‚678. This temporary difference led to the deferred tax assets
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vertically upwards depending on the amount of tax. Because of this shift‚ less products will be supplied at every price. The diagram below shows the effect of imposing a tax and how the tax is being paid. There’re two types of indirect taxes‚ they are ‘Specific Taxes’ and ‘Ad Valorem’. Specific Tax is a fixed amount of tax that is imposed on a product. For example‚ if the government imposes a tax of $2 per loaf of bread‚ it will shift the supply curve vertically upwards by the amount of tax‚ which
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Classification of Taxes Classification of taxes 1. As to subject matter or object A. personal‚ poll or capitation- tax of a fixed amount on individuals residing within a specified territory‚ without regard to their property‚ occupation or business. Ex. Community tax (basic) B. property- imposed on property‚ real or personal‚ in proportion to its value‚ or in accordance with some reasonable method or apportionment. Ex. Real estate Tax C. Excise- imposed upon the performance of an act‚ the
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information users to compare one company to another.| c.|A new accounting principle can be adopted with stockholders approval.| d.|The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has primary responsibility for developing accounting principles.| B 5. Earning revenue a.|increases assets‚ increases stockholders’ equity.| b.|increases assets‚ decreases stockholders’ equity| c.|increases one asset‚ decreases another asset| d.|decreases assets‚ increases liabilities| a 6. At of the end of its accounting
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the public with the necessary goods and services‚ revenue must be raised through taxation. This revenue is generated through direct and indirect forms of taxation. Direct taxes are paid on income. This effectively means that the more income you earn the greater your contribution is expected to be to the state. Indirect taxes are levied on expenditure. This tax is imposed on the basis of the individual consumption – the individual pays only on what he consumes. However‚ it must be noted that taxation
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1. What is earnings management? The companies use earnings management as a strategy by which they can easily control and manipulate their earnings to reach their pre-determined earning target. 2. Why do companies employ earnings management techniques? Accountants cannot predict every business structure‚ every new and innovative transaction. Therefore‚ they build up principles that allow for flexibility so that they can adapt to changing circumstances. However‚ people make use of that flexibility
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Property taxes – local taxes‚ immovable property/land tax‚ motor vehicle tax . (Lukas Szita) A property tax also known as millage tax is a charge on possessions that the holder is obligatory to pay. The tax is imposed by the governing authority of the area in which the property is placed; it can be a national government of country‚ a federated state‚ a county/region‚ or a municipality (In Slovak Republic property tax is the most important income for municipalities). We basically distinguish four
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