CHAPTER I INCOME TAXES1 A. INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX 1. Persons subject to the individual income tax For income tax purposes‚ individual taxpayers are classified into: a. Citizen (1) Resident citizen - is a citizen of the Philippines who has a permanent home or place of abode in the Philippines to which he/she intends to return whenever he/she is absent for business or pleasure. (2) Nonresident citizen - is a citizen of the Philippines who establishes the fact of his/her physical presence abroad with
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INCOME TAXES AND DIVIDEND POLICY The income taxes of stockholders should affect the dividend policy of a firm. To help you understand these tax implications‚ we shall first examine the importance of tax deferral and then show the impact of having two different tax rates‚ one for ordinary income and one for capital gains. Rational stockholders should value a stock based on the after-tax returns they expect to receive from owning it. The tax status of the return depends on the form in which it is
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Summary of Forecasting Profitability and Earnings In the competitive environment‚ there is a strong prediction in economic theory that profitability is mean reversion both within and across industries. For instance‚ under competition‚ firms will leave relatively profitless industries and turn into relatively high profitable industries. Some companies introduce new products and technologies that bring more profitability for an entrepreneur. Otherwise‚ the expectation of failure which makes companies
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Effects of Raising Interest Rates If a central bank increases the base rate‚ this tends to increase all major interest rates in the economy. This means interest rates for both savers and borrowers will increase. Higher interest rates will have various economic effects: 1. Increases the cost of borrowing. Interest payments on credit cards and loans will be more expensive. Therefore this discourages people from borrowing and saving. People who already have loans will have less disposable income
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Should taxes on alcohol be raised? Consequences of alcohol tax rates on beverages consumption and alcohol-related complications have been widely studied over the past fifty years. Nowadays‚ the challenge for both economists and politicians is to estimate and form a tax level that maximizes social prosperity and most efficiently increases incomes. Alcohol taxation is an essential component of a complete alcohol control strategy. Even if any increase in alcohol tax rates will not cause a significant
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PERSONAL INTEREST Every profession has sacred principles or ethics governing its operation or activities. Banking is no exception. Some of these principles defining sound banking behaviours are; 1. control mismatch between assets and liabilities 2. know your counterparty 3. expand cautiously into unfamiliar activities 4. avoidance of undue concentration of loans to a single activity‚ individuals and group But in a situation where banks all over the world are found wanting in terms
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(2006) 511–529 www.elsevier.com/locate/jfec CEO incentives and earnings management$ Daniel Bergstressera‚Â Thomas Philipponb a Harvard Business School‚ Boston MA 02163‚USA NYU Stern School of Business‚ New York‚ NY 10012‚USA b Received 25 September 2003; accepted 13 October 2004 Available online 22 December 2005 Abtract We provide evidence that the use of discretionary accruals to manipulate reported earnings is more pronounced at firms where the CEO’s potential total compensation
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Problem 17-1 Dividends and Taxes [LO2] Dark Day‚ Inc.‚ has declared a $5.60 per share dividend. Suppose capital gains are not taxed‚ but dividends are taxed at 15 percent. New IRS regulations require that taxes be withheld at the time the dividend is paid. Dark Day sells for $94.10 per share‚ and the stock is about to go ex-dividend. What do you think the ex-dividend price will be? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g.‚ 32.16)) Ex-dividend price $ Problem 17-2 Stock Dividends
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Working Paper # 03-115 Rev. 09/04 Conflicts of Interest and the Case of Auditor Independence: Moral Seduction and Strategic Issue Cycling Don A. Moore Carnegie Mellon University Philip E. Tetlock Haas School of Business Lloyd Tanlu Harvard Business School Max H. Bazerman Harvard Business School This paper has benefited from the feedback of Art Brief‚ George Loewenstein‚ and three anonymous reviewers of an earlier version of the paper. This paper was supported by a grant from
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Earning of actors and professional athletes With the development of economy‚ people are satisfied with the physical needs. Thus people began to chase the spiritual needs. Entertainment and sports became an important way to do so. So there are many actors and professional athletes appeared. And they usually can get much money from their job‚ which many people cannot understand. Because people think actors and professional athletes are not worthy to get high salary. However‚ I think that actors and
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