Earthquake Resistant Bridges Jacqueline Stoy 4/24/2013 Geography of Cultural Diversity 3350:275 Tuesday/Thursday 12:05-12:55 Throughout history‚ bridges have been a primary means of transportation. Unfortunately‚ natural disasters have come to destroy such bridges on many occasions. One of the most deadly natural disasters to face the bridges is earthquakes. The movement of the ground causes the supporting beams and columns to twist and collapse‚ often resulting in injury or death for
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strike-slip earthquake occurred on 12th January 2010‚ 25km to the WSW of the capital Port Au Prince at a depth of 13km and had a magnitude of 7.0 Mw (“Magnitude
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Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Earthquake-is violent shaking of Earth’s crust Focus-exact point within the crust where the fist movement occurs Epicenter-point on Earth’s crust directly above the focus Types of Seismic Waves P Wave Primary-1st Fastest Accordion-in and out S Wave Secondary Snake-like Can’t travel through liquid Surface Wave-roll through the top of the crust creating the most damage Measuring Earthquakes Mercalli scale -measures damage The Richter
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been struck by an earthquake. You are a scientist with the USGS and need to figure out all the specifics on the earthquake because an earthquake has never occurred here before. You have a few things to do as a person working for the USGS to keep your job as the seismologist on staff. 1. Using the 3 seismograms recorded‚ figure out the epicenter location using the data and the P/S wave time-travel graph. One of the seismograms has been done for you. 2. Determine if the earthquake came from a fault
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1.Earthquakes 1. According to dictionary.reference.com an earthquake is a: Series of vibrations induced in the earth’s crust by the abrupt rupture and rebound of rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating. The earth is made up of tectonic plates these are massive slabs of rock floating on magma ‚as the plates move about‚ they spread apart‚ collide‚ or slide past each other‚ This is the main cause of volcanoes and earthquakes Earthquakes occur in many regions all over the world
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but unfortunately the massive earthquake that hit on 26th December 2003 at 05:26 local time destroyed the entire city. An estimation from the United States Geological Survey reports that the earthquake measured 6.6 on the Richter scale‚ they also say that the epicentre was 185km southeast of Kerman. Before After The Earthquake This huge earthquake took the lives of 26‚271 people
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others‚ but no matter the severity‚ there is usually a loss‚ and a cry for help. The first one I want to talk about is the earthquake that hit Haiti in 2010. By January 24th‚ at least 52 aftershocks (a smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large earthquake)‚ measuring 4.5 or greater had been recorded. An estimate of three million people were affected by the earthquake. Death toll estimates ranged from 100‚000 to 160‚000. 316 total had been affected overall. Estimated 250‚000 residences and
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“Japan earthquake: Tsunami hits north-east” Source: BBC 2‚ Horizon Special Professor Ian Stewart‚ Geologist Broadcast on 27th March 2011 In this programme‚ Ian Stewart examines the powerful geological forces that caused the devastating Japanese earthquake. 30% of all earthquakes across the world happen in Japan. Earthquakes are caused when the tectonic plates (giant slabs of rock) grind together causing the build up of huge forces. When the pressure gets too much‚ the edges of the plate suddenly
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Period 5 March 19‚ 2013 Essay The history of these earthquakes caused major damage in Earthquakes occur every day on Earth‚ but the vast majority of them are minor and cause no damage. Large earthquakes can cause serious destruction and massive loss of life through a variety of damages can occur including fault rupture‚ intensive shaking‚ tsunami‚ dam failure‚ landslide and fire or hazardous materials could realease. In a particular earthquake‚ any of these disasterious events of damage can occur
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measure of the magnitude of seismic waves from an earthquake. Devised in 1935 by the American seismologist Charles F. Richter (1900–1985) and technically known as the local magnitude scale‚ it has been superseded by the moment magnitude scale‚ which was developed in the 1970s. The Richter scale is logarithmic; that is‚ the amplitude of the waves increases by powers of 10 in relation to the Richter magnitude numbers. The energy released in an earthquake can easily be approximated by an equation that
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