Reliability is general rather than specific But validity is not general but specific. Reliability is necessary for validity because a test with score which fluctuates very much does not test anything. For example if a test of pronunciation measures pronunciation it is a valid test‚ instead of measures grammar and vocabulary. The test yields dependable scores that is if the scores do not fluctuate very much the test is reliable. means the scores obtained by a student will be close to the score she
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but “real” accident. 2. Higher ecological validity – accounts for variables|More accurate estimates of speed | | |such as emotional response to situation. 3. Harder to replicate so lower reliability. 4. Not all may |Less Ps reporting broken glass | | |have a clear view of incident. Reduce validity.
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2 – Criterions of Measurements 5 1.Objektivitity 5 2.Reliability 5 3.Validity 6 3.1 Construct Valdity………………………………………………………………………... 3.2 Criterion Validity………………………………………………………………………… 3.2.1 Convergent Validity………………………………………………………………… 3.2.2 Discriminant Validity……………………………………………………………….. 3.2.3 Concurrent Validity………………………………………………………………… 3.3 Content Validity…………………………………………………………………………. 3.4 Ecological Validity 6 4. Acceptably…………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Economic……………………………………………………………………………………
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Week 1 Social research “involves thinking scientifically about questions about the social world and following scientific processes.” (p.6) Data is defined here as the “empirical evidence or information that a person gathers carefully according to established rules or procedures; it can be qualitative or quantitative (p. 6) Social theory "can be defined as a system of interconnected abstractions or ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge about the social world.” (p.23) A concept is “An
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Psychology Research Methods • The general investigative purpose of a psychology study (why the researcher has decided to conduct an investigation) is called its aim. • A hypothesis is a precise and testable statement of what the researcher predicts will be the outcome of the study. In an experiment this is called the experimental hypothesis. • In a correlational study the hypothesis is called a research hypothesis‚ and it will predict a relationship between two variables. • A research
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Research Process: Problem recognition&definition‚ Create Research Design‚ Sampling‚ Data Collection‚ Data Analysis‚ Quality Assessment‚ Report Results Types of Research: Experimental:(Gold Standard)‚tests cause& effect between variables. Correlational: (Can be turned experimental)‚ examines relationships between variables. Descriptive: (linked to abnormal psychology)‚ describes characteristics of existing phenomena. Qualitative: examines behaviour &social/cultural/political/etc context. Common
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com/loi/rjac20 Rethinking validity and reliability in content analysis W. James Potter & Deborah Levine‐Donnerstein a a b Professor in the Department of Communication‚ Florida State University‚ 356 Diffenbaugh Building‚ Tallahassee‚ FL‚ 32306–1531 E-mail: b Lecturer in the Department of Psychology‚ University of California‚ Santa Barbara Version of record first published: 21 May 2009. To cite this article: W. James Potter & Deborah Levine‐Donnerstein (1999): Rethinking validity and reliability in content
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Exploring Reliability and Validity E. HackShawnee State University Type of Reliability and Validity Used Upon examination of the Values and Motives Questionnaire: The Technical Manual‚ it becomes clear what variables are working towards the reliability and validity of this study. The following paragraphs will entail those specific concepts. Validity After reading through the questionnaire‚ clarity develops in that two different types of validity are made distinct. Those two categories are
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of classifying research are as per the following: 1) Descriptive versus Analytical Research : Descriptive research deals with finding facts to establish the nature of something as it exists. In contrast analytical research deals with determining validity of hypothesis based on analysis of facts collected. 2) Applied versus Fundamental Research : Applied research is carried out to find solutions to practical problems to be solved and as help in decision making in different areas like engineering
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Glossary Babbie Chapter 1 Human Inquiry and Science epistemology Science of knowing; systems of knowing methodology Science of finding out; procedures for scientific investigation Agreement reality Things we “know” as part of our culture; both assists and hinders us (tradition‚ authority) Errors in inquiry - Inaccurate observations - overgeneralization (few similar events –> evidence of pattern?) - selective observation (focus on things that fit our idea‚ ignoring the rest) - illogical
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