Appalachian Coal Mining believes that it can increase labor productivity and‚ there- fore‚ net revenue by reducing air pollution in its mines. It estimates that the marginal cost function for reducing pollution by installing additional capital equipment is MC = 40P where P represents a reduction of one unit of pollution in the mines. It also feels that for every unit of pollution reduction the marginal increase in revenue (MR) is MR =1‚000 =10P. How much pollution reduction should Appalachian Coal
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Economics Definition 1) Scarcity- the limited nature of society’s resources 2) Economics- the study of how society manages it’s scarce resources 3) Efficiency- the property of society getting the most it can from it’s scarce resources 4) Equality- the property of distributing economics prosperity uniformly among the members of society 5) Opportunity cost- whatever must be given up or forgone to obtain some item 6) Rational people- people who systematically and purposefully
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Economics Assessments 1.1.1 Scarcity‚ Choice‚ Opportunity Costs‚ and Comparative Advantage – Using examples‚ explain how scarcity‚ choice‚ opportunity costs affect decisions that households‚ businesses‚ and governments make in the market place and explain how comparative advantage creates gains from trade. 1. Willie loves ice cream. He has found a store that sells ice cream cones at a bargain price of $0.50 each. He has just eaten two of these cones but has not decided to buy a third one
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19th Century Theories 1. Continental thought in the early 19th Century was shaped by a philosophy that rejected material things in favor of a search for inner truth. This philosophy was (a) Cartesian rationalism. (b) classical economics. (c) Marxian economics. (d) social rationalism. (e) dialectical materialism. 2. A school of thought influenced by Auguste Comte’s determinism‚ and which contended that Ricardians “confined the observations on which they based their reasoning to the small
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Negron Unit 4: Business Cycles and Concepts Abstract An employee of the World Bank has been asked to research unemployment concerns in Chile and to write a report of his/her findings. The employee has been asked to research data sets for unemployment and state the relationships between unemployment and Chile’s economy. The employee must answer what trends he/she finds in the data sets and to support those trends with statistical evidence. In today’s economic turmoil one only needs to look
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ONE THE NATURE AND METHOD OF ECONOMICS CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter begins with a discussion of the meaning and importance of economics. In this first chapter‚ however‚ we will not plunge into problems and issues; instead we consider some important preliminaries. We first look at the economic perspective—how economists think about problems. Next‚ we state some of the benefits of studying economics. Then‚ we examine the specific methods economists use to examine economic behavior and the economy‚ distinguishing
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Managerial Economics Unit 8 Unit 8 Nature of markets and Pricing of Products I Structure 8.1 Introduction Objectives 8.2 Meaning of market and market structure 8.3 Kinds of markets 8.4 Perfect competition 8.5 Monopoly 8.6 Monopolistic competition 8.7 Oligopoly 8.8 Duopoly 8.9 Bilateral monopoly 8.10 Monopsony 8.11 Duopsony 8.12 Oligopsony 8.13 Industry analysis 8.14 Summary 8.15 Terminal Questions 8.16 Answer 8.1 Introduction Efficiency of management lies in its capacity to analyze the
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Definition of Economics: The Economist’s Dictionary of Economics defines economics as "The study of the production‚ distribution and consumption of wealth in human society." The 1828 edition of Webster’s dictionary contains that could still apply today: "Political economy‚ the administration of the revenues of a nation; or the management and regulation of its resources and productive property and labor. Political economy comprehends all the measures by which the property and labor of
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Definitions • Concepts associated with national income • Methods of measuring national income • Rationales of national income analysis • Obstacles to national income measurement • Circular flow of income (two sector economy) 3. Macroeconomic theories • Classical economics: ideologies • Keynesian economics: ideologies • Monetarism: ideologies • New Classical economics: ideologies 4.
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Definition: In economics‚ production is the act of creating output‚ a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals.[1] The act may or may not include factors of production other than labor. Any effort directed toward the realization of a desired product or service is a "productive" effort and the performance of such act is production. The relation between the amount of inputs used in production and the resulting amount of output is called the production function
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