consume goods and services to satisfy needs and wants - consumer sovereignty: refers to the fact that patterns of consumers spending determine patterns of production. Through spending dec. consumers express their preferences. Factors influencing individual consumer choice: Income: disposable income – after tax (main determinant on consumer spending) More income‚ more demand for good and services But APS will rise as income rises. Price: spending decisions according to
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sManBal1e_CH19 02/09/10 5:36 PM Page 537 CHAPTER 19 Financial Crises There was a time when the credit markets had essentially frozen and when blue chip industrial companies were having trouble raising money. I knew then we were on the brink...We easily could have had unemployment of 25 percent.” —Henry M. Paulson (former Treasury Secretary)‚ commenting on the state of the U.S. economy in 2008 hroughout this book‚ we have seen that many kinds of shocks can decrease an economy’s output
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resources financially ‚ we as consumers are now faced with the choice of what to purchase and how much to purchase so that we may satisfy our appetite whilst still remaining well within our allocated budget. This scenario is basically the concept of economics’ placed into practice in one’s everyday life. To the average consumer purchasing products or goods that are relatively close to the product’s expiration date may seem risky‚ hazardous‚ life threatening to one’s health or to the more skeptical individual
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MC equals MR‚ the profit is maximized. From the above table‚ when output level is 140 minutes‚ marginal revenue equals marginal cost ($10000=$10000)‚ so the profit-maximizing level of output is 140 minutes. (d) When the industry exists positive economic profit‚ it will attract new firms to enter into the industry. However‚ no more licenses will be offered by government‚ so no any new firm entering the industry. (e)(i) Collusion is a formal or tacit agreement to limit competition by setting output
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explains that demand‚ supply‚ elasticity/inelasticity‚ product life cycle‚ competition‚ equilibrium / disequilibrium and Tax are the main economic factors to determine the price of a good or service. As an example‚ this essay also analyses the economic factors which have led to rises in the prices of such crops in the past 5 years. The main economic factors that determine the price of a good or service We have learnt from the lecture and text book that the market has the forces to determine
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Political factors Political risk‚ for examples the Gulf war and terrorism somehow damaging passenger confidence‚ particularly in the US. Presence of political support and lobbying for major EU/US aerospace businesses Support of EU aircraft manufacturer for Rolls-Royce Subsidies by EU government US tax breaks for Rolls-Royce Carbon emissions under the Kyoto protocol is targets for reduction by EU‚ creating pressures for reduced impact of air travel Policy formation for example Open Skies liberalisation
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Chapter 1 The Big Ideas in Economics Think of why some goods should be allocated by money while some not. Why demand curve is downward sloping? Two effects: 1.Substitution effect (dominent) 2.Income effect (small) The demand&supply curve can be read horizontally or vertically. You should be familiar with both ways of reading. Chapter 3 Supply&Demand Concepts: 1.A normal good: a good for which demand increases when income increases. An inferior good: a good for which demand decreases
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computer was appropriated by customers‚ who typically paid prices for their PCs that were far below the value that they derived. The extent to which innovators are able to appropriate the value of their innovation are determined by mainly four factors. Firstly‚ the ability to establish property rights in the innovation. Secondly‚ the ease with which the technology can be comprehended and communicated and the complexity of the technology. Thirdly‚ the time that innovators have to build an advantage
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. THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS The economic activity of a society consists of activities related to the production and consumption of goods and services. Since earliest times‚ the primary function of organized society has been economic in nature. The other elements of civilized society -- architecture‚ literature‚ music‚ etc. -- emerge only after the material needs of the society have been amply provided for. Poor societies do not build great pyramids‚ erect magnificent cathedrals‚ or
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Factors affecting Consumer Behaviour: Consumer behaviour refers to the selection‚ purchase and consumption of goods and services for the satisfaction of their wants. There are different processes involved in the consumer behavior. Initially the consumer tries to find what commodities he would like to consume‚ then he selects only those commodities that promise greater utility. After selecting the commodities‚ the consumer makes an estimate of the available money which he can spend. Lastly‚ the consumer
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