Economies of scale Definition Reduction in long-run average and marginal costs‚ due to increase in size of an operating unit (a factory or plant‚ for example). Economics of scale can be internal to a firm (cost reduction due to technological and management factors) or external (cost reduction due to the effect of technology in an industry). Diseconomies of scale Definition Increase in long-term average cost of production as the scale of operations increases beyond a certain level
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Economy of Turkey About Turkey – Turkey is a vibrant amalgamation of two unique cultures‚ reflecting a diverse collection of ideas‚ beliefs and values. Crossing both European and Middle Eastern boundaries‚ Turkish society is patriotic and proud of its ancestry and achievements. The rapid modernisation of the country‚ combined with its traditional values‚ makes Turkey a fascinating market for foreign businesses but requires an understanding of its cultural design in order to secure your future
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The economy of Kazakhstan is the largest economy in Central Asia. It possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves as well as minerals and metals. It also has considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands accommodating both livestock and grain production‚ as well as developed space infrastructure‚ which took over all launches to the International Space Station from the Space Shuttle. The mountains in the south are important for apples and walnuts; both species grow wild there. Kazakhstan’s
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almost six years‚ the world economy has entered a period of uncertainty due to a financial turmoil triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States of America (USA). During 2002 to 2007‚ the world economic growth averaged 4.5 percent per annum compared to 3 percent in the 1990s. The sudden gloom in world economic prospects has come as a surprise in view of the persistent economic growth and stability. The crisis initially affected advanced economies and then its contagion spread
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barrier to entry in an oligopoly is economies of scale. Economies of scale generally refer to the cost advantages that will be associated with large organizations. Margaretta (2012‚26) suggests that companies pursue economies of scale in the belief that this will be decisive in determining a competitive advantage and increased profitability. Woolworths enjoys significant economies of scale in relation to its competitors. In the supermarket industry‚ benefits of economies of scale is usually achieved by
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has a well-developed social market economy‚ and a high standard of living. Until the 1980s‚ many of Austria ’s largest industry firms were nationalised; in recent years‚ however‚ privatisation has reduced state holdings to a level comparable to other European economies. Labour movements are particularly strong in Austria and have large influence on labour politics. Next to a highly developed industry‚ international tourism is the most important part of the national economy. Germany has historically
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How to Develop China’s Economy Effectively Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Main Issues 2 2.1 Baby Boomers: How to deal with the huge aging population 2 2.2 Gen Y: The second-generation migrant workers bring new challenge and opportunity for China’s urbanisation 3 2.3 Technological Issue: Quality and Innovation 4 2.3.1 Quality 4 2.3.2 Innovation 5 3 Conclusion 8 4 Recommendations 9 5 Reference List 10 1 Introduction Since opening and reforming the market in 1978‚ China has turned
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citizens and installed fear into the rest of America and other countries as they did not want this horrifying event to strike them. These terrorists ultimate goal was to dent and cripple the United States economy by taking down its National Trade Center in order for them to lose money in stock markets‚ lose trading opportunities with countries like Canada‚ and cause Americans to spend billions of dollars towards the damage repair. This event definitely caused a lot of humiliation towards the US government
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to India & Indian Economy: India is the seventh largest country by area‚ the second-most populous country with a population of over 1‚241‚491‚960 people. India is surrounded by three-water bodies namely Indian Ocean on the south‚ the Arabian Sea on the west‚ and the Bay of Bengal on the east. India shares its border with 7 countries namely Pakistan‚ China‚ Nepal‚ Bhutan Afghanistan‚ Burma and Bangladesh. India is a democratic country and is governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states
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seminal pieces of research. Current issues in the world system generally have been analysed by economic or political aspects. However “the polity is much more influenced by economic developments than many political scientists have admitted‚ and the economy is much more dependent upon social and political developments than economists in general have appreciated” (Gilpin‚ 2010 : 25). Therefore‚ Political economy combines political and economic theory to evaluate states and societies. In addition regional
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