Chapter 4. Costs and Cost Minimization Problem Set 1. Suppose the production of airframes is characterized by a CES production function: Q = (L½ + K½)2. The marginal products for this production function are MPL = (L½ + K½)L−½ and MPK = (L½+ K½)K−½. Suppose that the price of labor is $10 per unit and the price of capital is $1 per unit. Find the cost-minimizing combination of labor and capital for an airframe manufacturer that wants to produce 121‚000 airframes. The tangency condition
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Quick Quiz: If Boeing produces 9 jets per month‚ its long-run total cost is $9.0 million per month. If it produces 10 jet pre month‚ it long-run total cost $9.5 million per month. Does Boeing exhibit economies or diseconomies of scale? * The long-run average total cost of producing 9 planes is $9 million /9 = $1 million. The long-run average total cost of producing10 planes is $9.5 million / 10 =$0.95 million. Since the long-run average total cost declines as the number of planes increases‚ Boeing
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Definition: In economics‚ production is the act of creating output‚ a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals.[1] The act may or may not include factors of production other than labor. Any effort directed toward the realization of a desired product or service is a "productive" effort and the performance of such act is production. The relation between the amount of inputs used in production and the resulting amount of output is called the production function. Economics
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returns and returns to scale affect a firm’s cost of production (20 Marks) The law of diminishing returns exist when increasing quantities of a variable input are combined with a fixed input‚ which eventually leads to the marginal product and the average product of that variable input will decline. Diminishing returns can affect a firms cost of production negatively in the short run. An example of this is that a business had 2 factors of production; Capital‚ which is fixed‚ and labour‚ which is variable
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Explain the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) from first principles. EOQ‚ or Economic Order Quantity‚ was developed by F. W. Harris in1913‚ even if R. H. Wilson is recognized for his early deeply analysis of the model. Harris’s original paper was disseminated; it actually was ignored for many years before its rediscovery in 1988. During this period‚ a lot misunderstanding developed over the origin of the EOQ model. The model is defined as the optimal quantity of orders that minimizes total variable
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increase in sales is due to viral marketing‚ an increase in the number of competitors who now have their own version of the product/service‚ and promotion of the product. Costs are declining on a per unit basis because the scale economies are in production. Profits rise significantly because of the increase in sales and the decrease in unit cost. However‚ competition increases and firms rely on product differentiation to gain competitive advantage. The MP3 player is currently in this life stage.
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Brzozowski INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS Part I brzozowski@wne.uw.edu.pl A Tour of the Course International Economics 1 INTERNATIONAL TRADE: Absolute and comparative advantage Intra-industry trade and the New Trade Theory The Political economy of trade Trade policy‚ international trade organizations‚ international trade integration INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION: Foreign market entry Foreign direct investment Migration 1 Grading International Economics 1 The grade will be
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fundamental economic question requires society to choose the technological and resource mix used to produce goods? a. The what to produce question b. The why to produce question c. The how to produce question d. The for whom to produce question 2. A good or service that is forgone by choosing one alternative over another is called a (an): a. Explicit cost b. Opportunity cost c. Accounting cost d. Implicit cost 3. In the context of the production possibilities
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you use to get into your DBU email or into BlackBoard) Please select the best answer for each question given and fill in the respective answer option on the scantron for questions 1-40. Good luck! 1. Which of the following is not a positive economics statement? a. Prices of essential goods and services should be set by the government. b. Interest rates are lower this year than last year. c. People ’s wants are insatiable. d. Payments
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"Explain how production possibilities curves can be used to demonstrate the problem of unemployment‚ the effects of technological change and the benefits of economic growth."A production possibility frontier (also known as production possibility curve) represents all the possible combinations of the production of two types of goods and services that the economy can produce at any given time through graphical means. It is used to clearly demonstrate the problem of unemployment‚ the effects of technological
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