Chapter 7 External Economies of Scale and the International Location of Production Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Preview • Types of economies of scale • Economies of scale and market structure • The theory of external economies • External economies and international trade • Dynamic increasing returns • International trade and economic geography Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. 7-2 Introduction • The models of comparative
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Internal economies of scale arise when firms increase their scale of production. Hence‚ they incur lower average costs of production‚ either through specialization or other factors. When average costs fall‚ giving the price of the good to be constant‚ profit margins of these firms will be increased. Thus‚ the individual firm benefits from internal economies of scale. External economies of scale arise when all firms in an industry experience decreasing average costs of production‚ which can be
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Distinguish between diminishing returns and economies of scale (15 marks) In Business Economics‚ the short run is defined as the concept that within a certain period of time‚ in the future‚ at least one input is fixed while others are variable and the long run is defined as a period of time in which all factors of production and costs are variable. The law of diminishing returns is a short run concept‚ which states that increasing successive units of a variable factor to a fixed factor
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Types of Measurement Scales Marc Waters MKT/441 June 9‚ 2014 Cyndie Shadow Types of Measurement Scales Introduction For this week’s assignment‚ students are to select four types of types of measurement increasing order of sophistication; they are Nominal‚ Ordinal‚ Interval‚ and Ratio. These are categories in which numbers are grouped. This paper will also demonstrate how they can be effective in surveys or questionnaires. Nominal The number we assign to some object‚ idea‚ or behavior is
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Attitude Measurement: Likert Scale The Dogmatism Scale Please do not skip any of the statements‚ and answer each statement to the best of your ability. Strongly Agree‚ Agree‚ Sometimes‚ Disagree‚ Strongly Disagree 1.) Once an idea is in my head‚ I stick with it. 2.) My own personal beliefs seem to be more right than others. 3.) I am open to hear others opinions and let them at least try to change my mind. 4.) I would rather agree with someone‚ even though I know they are wrong‚ just because we
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Likert Scale Page 1 of 3 Likert Scale The following choices may help you when you design an attitude instrument. The bold face sets are the most popular. AGREEMENT z z z z z z z Strongly Agree Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly Disagree z z z z z z z z z z Agree Strongly Agree Moderately Agree Slightly Disagree Slightly Disagree Moderately Disagree Strongly z z z Agree Very Strongly Agree Strongly Agree Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Very Strongly z z z z Yes No z z z z Agree
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demonstrates how the composer explores important issues Robert Caswell’s Australian screenplay Scales of Justice ‘The Job’ explores many issues‚ including corruption within the workplace‚ racism and the avoidance of crime throughout the text. He deals with these themes and issues through the eyes of a naïve new Probationary Constable‚ Len Webber‚ as he battles with his conscience against right and wrong. In scales of Justice ‘The Job’‚ Constable Len Webber is new to the police Force. Sergeant O’Rourke
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Scales of Justice shows a police force where there is a culture of corruption. The parts of the TV program that we saw were made up of two parts‚ The Job‚ and the Game. The Job is about a new probationary officer named Webber‚ and how he is forced to accept the corruption that occurs in the force‚ and ends up getting fired. The Game takes corruption to a new level involving higher powers such as MP’s and non-uniformed officers. They both are good examples of how it is a culture for them. The
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Diseconomies of scale A more precise definition is that long run average costs per unit rises with an increase in output.This can b shown in the diagram below: [pic] The rising part of the Long Run Average curve illustrates the effect of diseconomies of scale. Beyond Q1 (ideal firm size)‚ additional production will increase per unit costs. Diseconomies of scale are rarer than economies of scale and they are often offset by economies of scale that exist in the same business. This can make
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same end product‚ are done on a much larger scale in industry. The aspects they may differ in are equipment‚ time taken‚ and many other things. In this report I will explain how and why laboratory and industrial scale differ using the example of preparation of aspirin. The first difference is that instead of weighing the 2-hydroxybenzoic acid on scales on a work bench in a beaker as you would in small scale‚ it is easier and safer to weigh it onto scales‚ in a plastic bag on the floor. This is easier
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