The principle of proportionality – that penalties should be proportionate to the severity of the defendant’s criminal conduct seems to be a basic requirement of fairness. However‚ the last two decades have witnessed continuing debate over the rationales for punishing convicted offenders (Hirsch‚ 1992). Whilst retributivist views punishment as ethnical principles‚ which are morally justified because it is deserved and it is inherently right that the guilty suffer for their wrongdoings‚ others such
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In the Analects‚ ren could refer to one desirable quality among others (14.28) but often also the all encompassing ethical ideal (14.4). In the latter‚ broader sense‚ it is the defining characteristic of the junzi (4.5)‚ even more important than life (15.9)‚ and “the benevolent person” is sometimes interchangeable with junzi (12.4‚ 14.28). This broad sense of ren can be understood as the moralization of an earlier‚ pre-Confucian usage where the term refers to the quality that makes someone a member
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Charity‚ Moral‚ and the Condition of Our World When it comes to charity‚ morality‚ and concern for one another‚ humans tend to vary drastically on how we feel and act depending on the circumstance and the individual. What makes this issue so complex is the fact that we are naturally set to want to help one another and be kind (in most cases) while at the same time being naturally focused on the survival and wellbeing of ourselves and loved ones over most other things. These natural settings‚ of
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Cydnee Nichols Bryant & Stratton College PHIL250JR2: Practices Reasoning & Thinking V. Thomas April 20‚ 2013 In today’s world‚ there should be more stringent limits on driving ages‚ regardless of age. Technology has impacted our teenage drivers immensely. There have been so many stories about teens that are texting while driving and end up seriously injured or dead from the lack of attention to the road. Sixteen year olds in this day and age are far less responsible when it comes to
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I strongly believe that W.T. Stace is correct while arguing for the view of soft determinism‚ also known as compatibilism. Stace believes in compatibilism‚ which states that determinism is true‚ but free will still does exist. He puts both views together by studying the definition of free will. Stace asks‚ “How can anyone be punished or rewarded for his or her actions if they have no control over their actions?” That statement seemed extremely convincing to me because both d’Holbach and Chisholm
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Individual: single; separate. Existentialism: a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will. Consequentialism: the doctrine that the morality of an action is to be judged solely by its consequences. Nihilism: the rejection of all religious and moral principles‚ often in the belief that life is meaningless. Absurdity: the quality or state of being ridiculous or wildly unreasonable
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I. Many factors come into play when trying to live a happy life. Philosophers have different thoughts about how to attain happiness in life. Joining activities‚ exercising‚ and religious practices and beliefs are some of the many ways to become happy. Although many people have found happiness through religious practice‚ Bertrand Russell disagrees. Russell believes that God cannot bring happiness to a self absorbed being‚ but when viewing God in a more broad sense‚ it can be concluded that God has
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. But there is no security for anyone in a prejudiced world‚ least of all a black stable hand with a crooked back. The farm that George constantly describes to Lennie—those few acres of land on which they will grow their own food and tend their own livestock—is one of the most powerful symbols in the book. It seduces not only the other characters but also the reader‚ who‚ like the men‚ wants to believe in the possibility of the free‚ idyllic life it promises. Candy is immediately drawn in by the
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Plato’s Apology Essay Topic 1 In Apology written by Plato‚ Socrates is accused and charged with exploiting the youth and leading them into doubting the Gods recognized by the people of Athens. In Socrates’ speech‚ he is actually defending and speaking for himself. Although the modern understanding of the world Apology is to feel bad and admit to a wrongdoing‚ the word Apology in the title refers back to the Greek word Apologia‚ which means defense or justification of a belief. When Socrates is called
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1. Do you believe it is still possible that new musical instruments could be invented and widely distributed? Empirically‚ though the diversity of musical instruments has reached a quite high level‚ human has never stopped their exploration into music. So‚ I think it’s highly possible that several new musical instruments can be invented and widely distributed. The musical history has already proved this. Before 19th century‚ the majority of musical instruments are acoustic‚ and most people at
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