the hormones insulin‚ glucagon‚ pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin into the bloodstream to facilitate blood glucose metabolism (Huether & McCance‚ 2017‚ p. 901-902). Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas which can be characterized by edema‚ and obliteration of pancreatic tissues caused by autoimmune digestive enzymes. Pancreatitis may lead to multi-organ failure and even death. Pancreatitis can be either acute or chronic depending on diagnosis‚ severity‚ and symptoms
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Situation: Two patients in their 70s present to the office at different times today‚ each with documented heart failure: one diastolic and the other systolic‚ and both are hypertensive. First‚ discuss the difference between systolic and diastolic heart failure‚ providing appropriate pathophysiology. ACEI/ARBs are the only medications prescribed for CHF that have been found to prolong life and improve the quality of that life. EXPLAIN the mechanism of action of ACEI/ARBs and how they affect morbidity
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Chapter 35: Nursing Management: Heart Failure Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. While assessing a 68-year-old with ascites‚ the nurse also notes jugular venous distention (JVD) with the head of the patient’s bed elevated 45 degrees. The nurse knows this finding indicates a. decreased fluid volume. b. jugular vein atherosclerosis. c. increased right atrial pressure. d. incompetent jugular vein valves. ANS: C The jugular veins empty into the superior vena cava and then into the right atrium‚ so JVD with
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also used as an adjunct to anesthesia. Uses Symptomatic relief of severe acute and chronic pain after nonnarcotic analgesics have failed and as preanesthetic medication; also used to relieve dyspnea of acute left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema and pain of MI. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to opiates; increased intracranial pressure; convulsive disorders; acute alcoholism; acute bronchial
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perform a physical examination to check for pulmonary edema by observing the patient for pulmonary effusion‚ inspiratory crackles or cyanosis (Huether & McCance‚ 2012). After this examination‚ the physician would likely order an EKG to confirm
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After the initial immunization series is completed‚ a booster dose of 0.5mL of tetanus toxoid should be given intramuscularly every 10 yrs to maintain adequate immunity. SIDE EFFECT/ ADVERSE REACTION: o Body System as a whole: Redness‚ warmth‚ edema‚ induration with or without tenderness as well as urticaria‚ and rash. Malaise‚ transient fever‚ pain‚ hypotension‚ nausea‚ and arthralgia NURSING CONSIDERATION: Shake well the vial before withdrawing each dose Special care should be taken to
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A 54 year old man sustained a left orbital fracture after a human assault. Immediately after the injury‚ the patient noticed diplopia and discomfort in all fields of gaze. At the initial examination‚ there was important periorbital edema‚ ecchymosis‚ marked limitation of infra duction and supraduction of the right eye and associated pain and diplopia in all fields of gaze‚ complete anesthesia in the left V2 nerve territory. In addition‚ there was 2.5 mm of right enophtalmos measured with Hertel
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>90mmHg) and hypoxia (normocarbia pCO2 35-40mmHg)‚ ICP monitoring to sustain ICP 65mmHg‚ elevating of the head of bed 30 degrees‚ and osmotic therapy (mannitol or HTS) to reduce cerebral edema (serum osmolality maximum 320 mOsm/L)‚ prevent herniation syndrome and
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to pump blood. This results in a reduction of blood supply to the kidneys‚ which then begin to lose their ability to excrete salt and water. This lessened function of the kidney causes the body to retain more fluid. The fluid build-up then leads to edema or congestion of tissues‚ hence the name congestive heart failure. Causes of congestive heart failure could be coronary artery disease (CAD)‚ which is when the arteries that supply the heart with oxygen and blood‚ become blocked or narrowed. Other
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American Football: Too dangerous for school? Goals‚ baskets and touchdowns; Three basic sports terms most people have learned through tradition and participation. People have enjoyed watching and playing sports for centuries‚ even millennia‚ but with all the excitement and competition comes a lot of injuries and accidents. The game that has the most serious injuries and is the most dangerous is football. The classic game of American football must be banned from scholastic sports leagues because it
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