The 19th century guano/nitrates trade illustrates the emergence of a global metabolic rift‚ as guano and nitrates were relocated from Peru and Chile to enrich the soils of Britain and other imperial countries. This global metabolic rift created the decline of soil fertility in Britain and importation of Chinese “Cooley” labor to Peru‚ (Foster 359-361)‚ through a law that was coercing‚ deceiving and even kidnapping Chinese for the slave trade. They were in such inhumane labor conditions that most
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stay out of the old world. But this seemingly complete disregard for world politics did not mean that the United States had no territorial ambitions of its own. On the contrary‚ for the latter half of the 19th century‚ the U.S. continued to expand. With the Louisiana
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In the 19th century the American government went through a dramatic revolution in democracy that profoundly changed the way of life for many ordinary citizens. The average American now had a voice and could impact his community and the country. Though Americans were free to vote‚ only those with all of the correct qualifications were allowed to vote. The structure of democracy was democratic in principle‚ but not in application. Despite their claim of equality‚ the founding fathers left us with
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foreign idea‚ a negative connotation arises due to the fear of change. However‚ throughout this period of history‚ nationalism opens the door to equality and individual rights and allows countries to move forward progressively. By the end of the century‚ a positive connotation engulfs the negative one‚ and the world is well on its way to being westernized‚ modernized‚ and industrialized. Nationalism is an idea based around unification. The people of the world no longer wanted to be labeled as
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Photographers in the 1970s and 1980s continued to grapple with the invasion of modernity affecting the land and everyday life. With progress‚ photographers’ paid homage to the romanticism of photography of the 19th century‚ yet showed the tensions that intersect between humanity and the natural environment. Photographers responded by using their camera to revel in the magnificence and power of machines‚ other photographers captured the inherent beauty and form found in nature and places not yet affected
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Drugs have played a most important role in increasing average life expectancy in the world in the previous century. In the 19Th and previous centuries‚ natural product extracts‚ mainly those derived from botanical species‚ provided the major source of folk medicines. In 19Th century‚ biologically-active organic molecules began to be isolated in pure form for medicinal use. For example‚ salicyclic acid‚ the precursor of aspirin‚ was isolated from willow bark in 1874. Painkillers‚ such as codeine and
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between 1710–1714 in the northeast corner of the Summer Garden that sat on an island formed by the Fontanka river. It is a charming baroque overlooking the Gulf of Finland‚ which demonstrates his restrained‚ European taste Peter implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernizing Russia.[8] Heavily influenced by his advisors from Western Europe‚ Peter reorganized the Russian army along modern lines and dreamed of making Russia a maritime power. He faced much opposition to these policies at home‚ but brutally
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Medicine in the 19th Century Slaves were seen as inferior‚ so medical treatment for them was not the best. Illness on slaves was not taken seriously. Doctors often made up mental diseases for slaves who ran away and for those who ate dirt‚ physicians and owners turned to threats‚ punishment and more to stop them. (“Plantation Medicine and Health Care in the Old South”). Slaves would also disagree with their owners and doctors since they had different beliefs about illnesses. Because of this‚ they
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The nineteenth century marked a new age for the people of the United States‚ both socially and industrially. Industrialization in the United States was driven by a variety of factors including immigration‚ inventions‚ transportation‚ and the growth of the domestic market. The rapid growth of industrialization brought profound social changes that redefined American society. Industrialization was brought on by an abundance of factors‚ and brought on an array of social changes. Industrialization and
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The nineteenth century was a time of expansion and progress. From the beginning to the end‚ there is a considerable amount of change that can be observed over this hundred years. The development of the century can be explained through industrialization‚ diversity of cultures‚ and public and technological advances. Industrialization Social When gold was discovered in 1848‚ people from all over the world flocked to it like ants (“Gold Discovered in California”). After gold‚ other precious metals
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