steel or iron to prevent rusting. The most common form of galvanization is hot-dip galvanization. Hot-dip galvanization is the process of coating iron or steel‚ which are less reactive‚ by passing the metal via a molten bath of zinc at high temperatures. Hence‚ when the solution gets exposed to the atmosphere‚ pure zinc reacts with oxygen to form zinc oxide. This further reacts with carbon dioxide to form zinc carbonate‚ a usually dull grey‚ fairly strong material that stops further corrosion. This
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solder is typically thought of when solder or soldering is mentioned‚ with a typical melting range of 90 to 450 °C (190 to 840 °F).[3] It is commonly used in electronics‚ plumbing‚ and assembly of sheet metal parts. Manual soldering uses a soldering iron or soldering gun.Alloys that melt between 180 and 190 °C (360 and 370 °F) are the most commonly used. Soldering performed using alloys with a melting point above 450 °C (840 °F) is called ’hard soldering’‚ ’silver soldering’‚ or brazing. For certain
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include: Hammer‚ G-clamp‚ stainless bowl‚ roasted T. catappa seeds‚ plain sheet‚ empty bottle‚ funnel‚ filter paper‚ stainless tube and trays. The materials used for the corrosion bath set-up include: Extracted oil from T. catappa seeds‚ cutter‚ 1 molar aqueous acetic acid and sulphuric acid‚ 1 galloon seawater‚ locally produced iron rods and tin cans‚ electrical cutter‚ beakers and transparent jars for the set-ups‚ graduated cylinders‚ forceps‚ trays‚ distilled water ‚ electronic weighing balance‚
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the purpose of increasing corrosion resistance‚ hardness‚ or strength. The metals used most commonly as alloying elements in stainless steel include chromium‚ nickel‚ and molybdenum. Characteristic of alloying elements Very important elements for alloy steels are manganese‚ nickel‚ chromium‚ molybdenum‚ vanadium‚ tungsten‚ silicon‚ copper‚ cobalt and boron. All commercial steels contain 0‚3-0‚8% manganese‚ to reduce oxides and to counteract the harmful influence of iron sulphide. There is a tendency
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which is toxic by all routes of exposure and is also a lung irritant. To avoid harm and ensure safety‚ eye protection and skin protection must be used. Equipment: * Metal tongs * Bunsen Burner * Zinc * Lead * Magnesium * Iron * Tin * Aluminium * Copper * Splint * 50 Ml Hydrochloric acid solution * 8 Test tubes * Measuring Cylinder * Beaker Method: Part A: Reaction of Metals with Oxygen 1. Hold each metal under a Bunsen flame and wait
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certificate Membership of companies meetings; Directors appointment‚ powers‚ duties and liabilities‚Accounts and Audit Winding up of companies. Cases: Salomon v Salomon Ltd Macaura v Northern assurance Co. Ltd. The ashbury Railway carriage & Iron Co. v Riche Royal British Bank v Turquant A. V Mohan rao and another v M Kishan Rao‚ 2002 AIR(SC)2653 Module II: Contract Act‚ 1872 Essentials of valid contract
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Chemical Reactions & Equations CHEMICAL REACTION : In a reaction when the original state of the particle changes and it cannot be reversed by simple physical means‚ this type of reaction is known as chemical reaction. Example :- Fermentation of grapes‚ burning of wood etc. In this reaction we have seen that after burning of wood‚ coal is formed and we cannot make wood from coal. PHYSICAL REACTION : In a reaction when original state of the particle can be recovered by any means then this type of
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passivation‚ so to speed it up‚ iron and salt are added. Passivation is the process by which a material is made less reactive‚ usually by the deposition of a layer of oxide on its surface: if you place a strip of magnesium into cold water‚ its surface will oxidise to magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)‚ and this coating will prevent further reaction. Therefore‚ in the heater meal‚ iron is added to the magnesium‚ leading to the production of a local cell – small-scale corrosion that happens where two metals
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cast iron may be used. (b) Sometimes galvanic corrosion is prevented by making an electrical contact between both metals in the couple and a third metal that is anodic to these other two. Using the galvanic series‚ name one metal that could be used to protect a copper-aluminum galvanic couple. Zinc may be used. 17.6 Is Equation 17.23 equally valid for uniform corrosion and pitting? Why or why not? Equation 17.23 is not equally valid for uniform corrosion and pitting. With pitting‚ the corrosion attack
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Citric acid reacts rapidly with iron‚ but is not itself the rusting of iron. The water in the lemon juice helps iron rust‚ but in the presence of air. The same happens when you open bottle of Coca-Cola‚ including citric acid‚ phosphoric acid‚ carbonic acid and other things in the fall for the taste. Citric acid has an advantage over some other acids‚ because it is less corrosive‚ not as dangerous to the environment‚ while remaining efficient‚ cheap (but not as cheap as the old battery acid).
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