point in a fluid has the same magnitude in all directions. (Pressure is a scalar) Variation of Pressure with Depth It will come as no surprise to you that pressure in a fluid at rest does not change in the horizontal direction. This can be shown easily by considering a thin horizontal layer of fluid and doing a force balance in any horizontal direction. However‚ this is not the case in the vertical direction in a gravity field. Pressure in a fluid increases with depth because more fluid rests on
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Basic Biochemistry CP2085 Effect of Temperature‚ Study and Measure of Enzymes Activity Abstract This experiment investigates the effect that temperature has on the rate of activity of enzyme β-galactosidase and also the rate of β-galactosidase activity in different concentration of substrate over time. Ο-nitrophenylgalactoside (ONPG) is used as a substrate for β-galactosidase. A spectrophotometer is used to detect the change in colour of the substrate. Results show that increase in temperature
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9 Effect of partial slip boundary condition on the flow and heat transfer of nano-fluids past stretching sheet prescribed constant wall temperature international Journal of Thermal Sciences Nanofluid; Partial slip; Similarity solution; Stretching sheet; Constant wall temperature : The objective of the present study is to analyze the development of the slip effects on the boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a stretching surface in the presence of nanoparticle fractions. In the modeling
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INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE RATE OF ENZYME ACTIVITY. To investigate the effect that temperature has on enzyme activity I am going to use the enzyme amylase‚ which is used as a biological catalyst to break down starch‚ which cannot pass through the gut wall due to the size of the molecules‚ into smaller ones. Amylase is a carbohydrase‚ which converts starch to simple sugars in the Salivary Glands. Three features of all enzymes are: They are always proteins. They are specific
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1 4 1 1. Basic Concepts of Fluid Flow 6 7 o 3 4 ‚9 ‚9 ’0 ’3 ’3 :1 ’‚8 16 17 19 10 15 15 17 )9 !1 1.1 Introduction Fluids are substances whose molecular structure offers no resistance to external shear forces: even the smallest force causes deformation of a fluid particle. Although a significant distinction exists between liquids and gases‚ both types of fluids obey the same laws of motion. In most cases of interest‚ a fluid can be regarded as continuum‚ i
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EN 1029 Laboratory Laboratory FM Declaration: In submitting this report‚ I hereby declare that‚ except where I have made clear and full reference to the work of others‚ this submission‚ and all the material (e.g. text‚ pictures‚ diagrams) contained in it‚ is my own work‚ has not previously been submitted for assessment‚ and I have not knowingly allowed it to be copied by another student. In the case of group projects‚ the contribution of group members has been appropriately quantified. I understand
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interstitial fluid‚ and intracellular fluid are identical‚ but the quantity of each substance varies among the compartments. The most striking differences are the low protein content in interstitial fluid compared with intracellular fluid and plasma and the fact that sodium and chloride ions are largely extracellular‚ whereas most of the potassium ions (approximately 90%) are intracellular. This unequal distribution of ions results in a voltage difference across cell membranes. Extracellular fluid can be
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Liquid fuels such as gasoline‚ diesel‚ fuel oil light‚ fuel oil heavy or kerosene have to be atomized and well mixed with the combustion air before burned. Therefor nozzles are used. Nozzles are divided into two groups: Pressure atomizers and twin-fluid atomizers. 5.1.1 Pressure atomizers Pressure atomizers are differed into turbulence nozzles and liquid sheet nozzles. At both types of nozzles the energy from the liquid pressure is converted into kinetic energy and a small part of it into forming
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Investigate the effect of temperature on amylase activity Introduction Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars. Amylases are found in almost all plants‚ animals and microorganisms. Large amounts of amylase occur in germinating cereals‚ and in the pancreas and saliva of higher animals. Aim The aim of this experiment is to find out the rate of reaction between amylase and starch in a range of different reaction temperatures. Hypothesis As the reaction
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occurs the quickest is the ideal condition for the enzymatic reaction. Alpha amylase converts starch into glucose and when starch is combined with I2KI indicator a dark purple solution forms. As the enzyme breaks down the starch the absorbency will decrease. The absorbency is measured through the spectrophotometer which reads the transmittance of the wavelengths that pass through the solution. In order to determine the optimum temperature for the enzymatic reaction water bath of varying temperatures were
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