* Chemical Formulas and Reactions . . . Midterm Objectives: * To balance chemical equations. * To interpret chemical reactions. * To understand equilibrium reactions and the factors that can affect them. * Molecular Mass / Formula Mass * Is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms present in one molecule of that compound. Example: the molecular mass of sodium bromide‚ NaBr‚ is 103‚ which represents the sum of the atomic mass of sodium (23) plus that of bromide (80)
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CHEMISTRY TOPIC 11 CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS INTRODUCTION The first part of this ‘Chemical Calculations’ topic will help us to work out QUANTITIES involved in a reaction; For example‚ a manufacturer might want to know‚ How much ammonia will I produce from 20 tonnes of nitrogen in the Haber Process? To do these calculations you will need to be familiar with the term Ar (relative atomic mass)‚ Mr‚ Molar mass and Mole. Relative Atomic
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Chemical Bonding Lab Chemical compounds are combinations of atoms held together by chemical bonds. These chemical bonds are of two basic types—ionic and covalent. Ionic bonds result when one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms is transferred to another atom. Positive and negative ions are created through the transfer. In covalent compounds no electrons are transferred; instead electrons are shared by the bonded atoms. The physical properties of a substance‚ such as melting point
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fundamentals of science. Title An investigation of an onion cell using a light microscope. Aim: The aim of this investigation is to identify the cells within an onion skin using a light microscope. An onion cell is a plant cell which through the light microscope‚ it should outline the cell wall‚ cell membrane and the nucleus. Introduction: Plant cells have a cell wall and cell membrane which animal cells do not have. The cell wall provides support and is relatively rigid‚ which consists of
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for the description of all biological membranes • Transmembrane segments of membrane proteins anchor membrane proteins in the lipid bilayer. • A ganglioside is not a phospholipid. • Thin-layer chromatography separates lipids based on hydrophobicity. • Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds and increased membrane fluidity. • Cholesterol increases fluidity at low temperatures and decreases fluidity at high temperatures. • Ankyrin is a peripheral membrane protein found in erythrocytes. Therefore
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things are composed of cells? Cell theory What type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed structure of the surface of a plasma membrane? Scanning electron microscope The two basic types of cells are ______ and ______. Prokaryotic . . . eukaryotic When using a light microscope to view a cell you obtained from scraping under your fingernails‚ you notice that the cell lacks a nucleus; therefore‚ you conclude that the cell must be a type of ______ cell. Prokaryotic One
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Cell Structure I. Cell History A. Anton Leewenhock (1600s) - first person to observe cells - in pond water‚ using a homemade microscope B. Robert Hooke (1665) - observed many kinds of animal tissue under a microscope - concludes that all animals are made up of cells C. Schwann (1868) - observed many kinds of animal tissue - concludes that all animals are made up of cells D. Schleiden (1869) - observed many kinds of plant tissue - concludes that all plants are made up of cells E. Cell
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Diana Rubene LS2B Abstract The chloroplast is most commonly recognized for its vital role in plant cells & protist cells as their main provider of energy. Within this review we are going to discuss what exactly is chloroplast what structures make up this complex & super efficient organelle which is so important not only to plants & protists‚ but also to us. How exactly does it absorb and use solar energy and use it to produce carbohydrates rich with energy that can be passed down the food chain‚
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Effects of Photosynthesis of Spinach Leaves in Different Light Conditions Introduction Photosynthesis is the process of converting solar energy‚ carbon dioxide (CO2)‚ and water (H2O) into carbohydrates (CH2O) and oxygen (O2). Sometimes the end product of photosynthesis is glucose (C6H12O6). Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Here membranous thylakoids are stacked in grana surrounded by the stroma. During the light reactions‚ pigments within the thylakoid membranes
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proceed to discuss the characteristics and services provided by her chosen chemical dependency program. It is her belief that a substance abuser and/or addict is more likely to succeed at living a life free of alcohol and drugs when they continually attend a 12-step program‚ follow the steps‚ have a sponsor‚ a support group and educate themselves on how to live life without turning to alcohol or drugs. Of the several chemical dependency programs available‚ she chose to conduct a telephone interview
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