Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ABSTRACT Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) adopt the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for their security. In any PKI system‚ the authentication of a received message is performed by checking if the certificate of the sender is included in the current CRL‚ and verifying the authenticity of the certificate and signature of the sender. In this paper‚ we propose an Expedite Message Authentication Protocol (EMAP)
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2010-09-01 Performance of Network Redundancy in SCTP - Introducing effect of different factors on Multi-homing Rashid Ali THESIS PROJECT Master program in Computer science MASTER THESIS Introducing effect of different factors on Multi-homing Abstract The main purpose of designing the Stream Control Protocol (SCTP) was to offer a robust transfer of traffic between the hosts over the networks. For this reason SCTP multi-homing feature was designed‚ in which an SCTP sender can access
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Muscular System: Muscle Metabolism 1. List the three roles of ATP in muscle contraction: 1. _energizing the power stroke of the myosin cross bridge________________________ 2. _disconnecting the myosin head from the binding site on actin at the conclusion of a power stroke_________________ 3. _energizing the calcium ion pump; transporting calcium___________________ 2. The potential energy in ATP is released when the terminal high-energy bond is broken by a process called _hydrolysis________________________
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investigate the effect of different caffeine concentration on the heartbeat rate of Daphnia at room temperature. Introduction: Caffeine is found‚ and produced in many plant species to function as a natural pesticide‚ and as an inhibitor of seed germination of other nearby coffee seedlings to give it a better chance of survival. Caffeine is able to paralyze and kill certain insects upon feeding on the plants that produce caffeine. Coffee‚ tea and cocoa are common caffeine-containing plants
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affects of stimulants like (Caffeine and Amphitemine) on the study and learning habits for college students? Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant with a charge that rise energy‚ mood‚ awareness‚ concentration‚ and wakefulness. Caffeine is the most widely used drug in the world. Caffeine can be found in teas‚ coffee‚ energy drink and chocolate caffeine is also very popular among student‚ as a supplement and as a study aid. Drinking caffeine can have many effects‚ both positive and negative
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Although the benefits of physical activity have changed and continue to change‚ the most basic components still remain; cardiorespiratory fitness‚ muscular strength‚ and muscular endurance. Various sports and/or activities may place more emphasis on one over the other; however each contribute to the athletes overall performance. Furthermore‚ each component makes individualized contributions to an individuals’ health and wellbeing. Understanding each one separately is important for achieving optimal health
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Animal metabolism consists of the utilization of nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract and their catabolism as fuel for energy or their conversion into substances of the body. Metabolism is a continuous process because the molecules and even most cells of the body have brief lifetimes and are constantly replaced‚ while tissue as a whole maintains its characteristic structure. This constant rebuilding process without a net change in the amount of a cell constituent is known as dynamic equilibrium
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Practical 1.1 Introduction: Caffeine belongs to a class of compounds called methylxanthines and can block a receptor on the surface of heart muscle cells for adenosine. In fact‚ it is caffeine’s blockade of the A1 adenosine receptor in the heart that causes the heart to pound after a significant caffeine dose. Caffeine and similar compounds also inhibit a class of enzymes known as cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. These enzymes are‚ in part responsible for degrading a stimulatory signal produced
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The Effects of Caffeine on the Heart Rate of Daphnia This lab was designed to show how caffeine affected the heart rate of daphnia after exposing them to different concentrations of caffeine for ten minutes. Caffeine is a stimulant‚ which‚ in humans‚ causes heart rates and blood pressure to increase. Its effects range from mild alertness to heightened anxiety and body tension. We wanted to see if caffeine affected the daphnia’s heart rate in the same way. We filled three containers with three different
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difference in the mean change in pulse rate (P>0.05) between those participants ingesting caffeine in comparison to those that did not consume caffeine and therefore the null hypothesis‚ HO‚ was accepted (Refer to appendix 2 for hypotheses). Similarly‚ there is no significant difference between the mean change in respiration rate (P>0.05) of subjects that consumed caffeine and subjects that did not consume caffeine. Therefore the null hypothesis‚ HO‚ was accepted. (Refer to appendix 2 for hypotheses)
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