water or iron. Inorganic substances can be built up into organic compounds by living organisms. All living matter is made up of small units called cells. Some organisms‚ such as bacteria‚ consist of one single cell; others‚ like human beings‚ consist of many hundreds of millions of cells‚ all functioning together to make a complete whole. All living cells‚ however simple‚ have certain characteristics which are always present. These characteristics are: * Activity * Respiration * Digestion
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Investigating the Effect of Temperature on the Permeability of Membranes The permeability of membranes can be altered in several ways. From previous preliminary work I know that reagents‚ for example detergents and alcohol alter the arrangement of the phospholipids in the membrane allowing substances to leak out of the cell. Temperature also affects the membrane. As membranes relay on protein molecules to allow molecules to enter and leave the cell through facilitated diffusion the temperature must not exceed
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Beetroot Practical 2.8 An investigation to find out whether the raise of temperature will increase the permeability of the cell membrane: The question being answered from doing this experiment is ‘How do different temperatures affect the permeability of the plasma membrane of beetroot?’ Beetroot contains red pigments called betalains‚ located within the cell vacuole. Normally the pigments cannot pass through membranes but they leak out when the beetroot is cooked or placed in alcohol. The aim
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Aim: This experiment aims to determine what effect an increase in the surrounding temperature has on the plasma membrane of a typical plant cell structure. Hypothesis: An increase in temperature will damage and denature the plasma membrane and cause the cytoplasm and other substances contained within the membrane to leak out. Introduction: The purpose of a cell membrane is to control the transport of substances moving into and out of a cell. The membrane is an extremely thin layer (8 to 10 manometers
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Investigate factors affecting cell membrane permeability in beetroot. Research Question: How does variation in temperature affect the permeability of cell membranes? Background Information: In this investigation I will want to identify how variations in temperature effect the permeability through the use of a beetroot. I predict that as the temperature of the water increases so will the dispersion of the pigment. Independent Variable: The temperature of water will be increased in increments of 10oC
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The different cell membrane transport mechanisms The cell membrane is referred to as a ‘fluid mosaic model’ because the protein part within the cell membrane used to be though of as an even layer spread over the outside and the inside of the phospholipid. Now we are starting to think that it is spread unevenly‚ more like a mosaic than a layer. The phospholipid part of the cell membrane is fluid; this means that its molecules are constantly moving about. Through the molecules constantly moving
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Topic 2 – Cell membranes Reading Chapter 5 Objectives Functions of cell membranes The fluid mosaic model The lipid bilayer – phospholipids‚ glycolipids and sterols Properties of the lipid bilayer Membrane proteins – the ‘mosaic’ in the model Solute movements across membranes BIO 1140 – SLIDE 1 http://www.nikonsmallworld.com/gallery/year/2006/id/751 Functions of cell membranes – an overview Fluid mosaic model Singer & Nicolson 1972 Fluid lipid molecules in which
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2. Draw and completely label a cell membrane. [pic] 4. List and briefly discuss the 5 components of cellular membranes. 1. Phospholipids layer- 2 layers ‚ polar and non polar ‚ polar facing the extracellular fluid and cytoplasm 2. Transmembrane proteins-integral membrane proteins are proteins that expand the membrane 3. Interior protein network-peripheral proteins are in the interior side of the membrane 4. Cell surface markers are glycolipids‚ carbohydrates/lipid
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fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane. What is the fluid mosaic model? The fluid mosaic model is a model conceived by S.J. Singer and Garth Nicolson in 1972 to describe the structural features of biological membranes. The membrane is described to be fluid because of its hydrophobic integral components such as lipids and membrane proteins that move laterally or sideways throughout the membrane. That means the membrane is not solid‚ but more like a ’fluid’. The membrane is depicted as mosaic because
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The Cell membrane surrounds all living cells and is the most important organelle‚ there is also a similar plasma membrane that surrounds all the organelles except for the ribosome. The membrane controls how and what substances can move in and out of the cell/organelle The structure of the membrane is often referred to as the “Fluid Mosaic Model”; this is because of the way it is structured It is composed of phospholipids‚ proteins‚ and carbohydrates‚ which are arranged in a fluid
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