Molecular Modelling of the Effects of Penetration Enhancer - Propylene Glycol on Lipid Membrane By Rafique Ullah Ethics UB: 06007693 Under supervision of Dr. Jamshed Anwar Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science In Pharmaceutical Technology at The University of Bradford September 2012 Molecular Modelling of the effects of Penetration Enhancer - Propylene Glycol on Lipid Membrane ABSTRACT Modern medicine has come a long way from
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The effect of salt concentrations on the mass of the pear cubes ‘Pyrus’ after being soaked in water Aim: The effect of salt concentrations on the mass of the pear ‘Pyrus’ pieces shaped as cubes of 1cm. Background: Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water potential to an area of lower water potential. Water makes up to 70-90% of living cells and cell membranes are partially permeable membranes. Dissolved substances attract
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living cells have a cell membrane and it is probably the most important organelle of a cell. The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid‚ proteins and carbohydrates. The phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer with the hydrophilic ends facing out and the hydrophobic ends facing the inside of bilayer. Membranes can contain phospholipids with different fatty acids which affects the strength and flexibility of the membrane. There are two different proteins in cell membranes. One is a protein that
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IB Chemistry Lab Report Design Example— Effect of Temperature on Solubility of Potassium Chloride in Water Research question How does temperature affect the solubility of potassium chloride in water? Hypothesis As the temperature of water increases‚ the particles of solid Potassium chloride‚ KCl‚ which are absorbing energy from its surrounding‚ start moving more easily between the solution and its solid state because. According to the second law of thermodynamics‚ the particles will
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The Semipermeability of Cell Membrane to Different Osmotic Environments Using Dialyzing Bag Model1 Sittie Johaynnah M. Sambarani Group 3 Sec. I-1L December 17‚ 2012 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- 1 A scientific paper in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Biology 10 Laboratory under Professor Junaldo
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Aim: The aim of the experiment is to test the effect temperature has on the activity of the enzyme rennin. Hypothesis: I believe the rate of reaction will speed up as the temperature increases until it reaches about 37oC‚ which is the body temperature‚ where it will begin to slow down and stop reacting. I believe this will occur because enzymes have a temperature range at which they work best in and once the temperature goes out of this range the enzyme will stop working. Introduction:Enzymes are
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1 Experiment Membrane Transport Objectives ► Referring to energy‚ what two ways can substances enter a cell? What is active transport? What is passive transport? How is osmosis related to diffusion? How can we demonstrate active transport? How can we demonstrate Brownian movement? How can we demonstrate diffusion (2 ways)? How can we demonstrate osmosis (3 ways)? In terms of relationships between substances‚ how can we define “hypertonic”‚ “isotonic”‚ and “hypotonic”? What is the relationship
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Effects of Temperature and pH on Catalase Activity INTRODUCTION Enzymes are organic catalysts that spur metabolic reactions. The presence of an enzyme within a cell is essential in order for any sort of reaction to take place. All enzymes are complex proteins that act in an organism’s closely controlled internal environment. In such a homeostatic environment‚ the temperature and the pH (concentration of hydrogen ions)‚ remain within a fairly narrow range. Extreme variations in pH and temperature
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Cell Membrane Transport The purposes for these experiments is to be able to understand osmosis and its relationship to tonicity of solutions‚ and the transportation of molecules across cell membranes. It’s also used to understand‚ and how temperature affects diffusion. You also learn how to test for presences of starches and sugars in solutions. In the first exercise I will be testing for diffusion through an artificial membranes. This one has forty five steps to it. I will not go into
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Cell Membrane The Cell Membrane- The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell; the cell membrane is made up of phospholipids‚ proteins and carbohydrates. Its function is to protect the integrity of the interior of the cell allowing certain substances into the cell‚ while keeping other substances out. The phospholipids form a thin‚ flexible sheet while the proteins float in the phospholipid sheet like an ice berg‚ and the carbohydrates extend out from the
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