Enzymes Enzymes are… * Biological catalysts Lower the energy level needed for a biochemical reaction to occur. This energy level is called activation energy. * Proteins Polypeptide chains made up of 100’s-1000’s of amino acids in a specific sequence. * Do not get “used up” in a reaction The number of “uses” of an enzyme depends on the enzyme. * Work more efficiently at certain optimum temperatures. * They are “reaction-specific”. Each enzyme is included in one reaction.
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flask with an iodine crystal with a bromobenzene solution with a stir bar. Once the stirring began‚ the solution turned brown and over time began to lighten up. The color change to brown indicated that the reaction began and this is why an iodine crystal was placed in the solution. The reaction started to boil due to its own reflux so heat didn’t need to be applied. Next the anhydrous ether solution was added very slowly in a dropwise manner with a needle through the septum cap on the condenser. This
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- - - - - - Effect of Substrate Concentration on Catalase Aim: An experiment to find out how the concentration of hydrogen peroxide affects the rate of reaction of the enzyme catalase. Background Information: Enzymes such as catalase are globular protein molecules with catalytic properties. A catalyst is a substrate which can alter the rate of reaction without itself undergoing any permanent change. As they are not changed my reactions which they catalyse‚ enzymes can be used
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Chemical reactions are a part of everyday lives. Whether it is the burning of propane at a kitchen stove‚ or washing detergent reacting with dirt stains‚ chemical reactions are useful tools that have widespread applications. With so many reactions assisting our everyday activities‚ it is important that ways to optimise reaction rates are investigated. “Reaction rate‚ the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds… may be defined in terms of the amounts of the reactants consumed or products formed
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to measure the time it took for the food coloring to get to the bottom of the cup. The average diffusion rate was .78 cm a second. If a different color was used‚ I do not think it would have made a difference in the results. The mood of the person experimenting could possibly alter the results. For example‚ if a person is under stress‚ they may accidentally squeeze too much altering the rate of diffusion. If the water was warmer‚ this may have sped the diffusion process because the molecules would
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Title: Studying SN1 and SN2 Reactions: Nucleophilic Substitutions at the saturated carbon Lab Partner: Jeszie Geronimo Objective and purpose: the purpose of this experiment is to convert a primary alcohol to an alkyl bromide using a Sn2 Reaction. Investigate some factors that influence the rate of Sn1 reactions. The second part of this lab will focus more on how unlike factors influence the rate of reactions in anSN1 reactions. The factors that we will be inspecting are the leaving groups‚ Cl-
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AbstractThe rates of reaction of Alkali metals and Alkaline Earth meatals are compared in this lab. The pH of each of the resulting metal solutions are tested and the products of the reaction between calcium and water is discovered. The tested elements are sodium‚ lithium‚ potassium and calcium and each of them were placed in a beaker filled with water. The resulting solutions pH levels were tested with litmus paper. There were more steps for caclium because it is the only Alkaline Earth metal. For
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To investigate the effect of different caffeine concentration on the heartbeat rate of Daphnia at room temperature. Introduction: Caffeine is found‚ and produced in many plant species to function as a natural pesticide‚ and as an inhibitor of seed germination of other nearby coffee seedlings to give it a better chance of survival. Caffeine is able to paralyze and kill certain insects upon feeding on the plants that produce caffeine. Coffee‚ tea and cocoa are common caffeine-containing
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Background Information Part 1 In the first part of the enzyme lab‚ we mixed a substrate and an indicator with an enzyme. There was also a neutral buffer in each of the chemical mixtures. The neutral buffer regulated the pH to around 7. We got a color palette and once we mixed each together‚ we observed and saw a change in the color of the substance. The darker and more brown the substance got‚ the more oxygen produced by the reaction. Our results showed that amount of oxygen produced increased
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Introduction: A chemical reaction involves the breaking and forming of bonds in order to create the necessary energy required to cause movement. Each reaction is catalyzed (an increase in rate because of a present catalyst) by a specific enzyme. Enzymes are able to denature proteins‚ meaning that a protein loses its original shape by uncoiling‚ giving it a random‚ unstructured shape. The pineapple plant contains bromelain which‚ because of its unique characteristics‚ keeps gelatin from thickening
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