Excellent; I couldn’ t have written a better paper myself. DIVERSITY OF PLANTS Plants evolved more than 430 million years ago from multicellular green algae. By 300 million years ago‚ trees had evolved and formed forests‚ within which the diversification of vertebrates‚ insects‚ and fungi occurred. Roughly 266‚000 species of plants are now living. The two major groups of plants are the bryophytes and the vascular plants; the latter group consists of nine divisions that have living members. Bryophytes
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LEAVES BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS? A. ELIZABETH ARNOLD1 AND F. LUTZONI Department of Biology‚ Duke University‚ Durham‚ North Carolina 27708 USA Abstract. Fungal endophytes are found in asymptomatic photosynthetic tissues of all major lineages of land plants. The ubiquity of these cryptic symbionts is clear‚ but the scale of their diversity‚ host range‚ and geographic distributions are unknown. To explore the putative hyperdiversity of tropical leaf endophytes‚ we compared endophyte communities along
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into chemical energy‚ which is a very important process for plants and other organisms. Light can be described in terms of light quantity and light quality. Both of these have an affect on photosynthesis. The more light a plant absorbs the more the plant is able to photosynthesize. This light is absorbed though pigments which have specific interactions with certain light waves (colors). The goal of my first experiment was to test the effect that which different colors have on photosynthesis‚ in other
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surface of water and mud. Algae were evolving at the water’s edge‚ and one group – probably the charophytes – gave rise to plants. Cooksonia‚ a simple branching plant a few centimeters tall‚ evolved by 430 million years ago. It took another 160 million years for the taller Psilophyton to evolve. Then the evolutionary pace picked up. It took only 60 million years for plants radiate from the swampy lowlands to high mountains and nearly all places in between. They did so through modifications in
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Role of mycorrhizas in the mineral nutrition of host plants Mycorrhizas are very important in the uptake of nutrients such as P‚ N‚ K‚ Cu‚ Zn and Ca by plants especially in soils low in these nutrients. Since P is the most limiting nutrient in tropical soils‚ mycorrhizas are vital for improving P nutrition particularly for cultivated plants. External hyphae can absorb and translocate P to the host from soil outside the root depletion zone. The thin mycorrhizal hyphae (2-4 μm in diameter) are able
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PLANT LOCATION PUZZLE BY AJAY SHARMA GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT DR. BURAK KAZAZ GSB - 486 Problem: This particular case study deals with a bicycle manufacturer named The Eldora Company (EDC). It is faced with a situation where it has prospered in the local marketplace but is suffering from stagnant growth potential. Much of their problem is due to heavy low-cost competition and a saturated marketplace. Management is therefore burdened with the decision to manufacture offshore (i
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acid rain Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants‚ aquatic animals‚ and infrastructure. Acid rain is mostly caused by human emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds which react in the atmosphere to produce acids. In recent years‚ many governments have introduced laws to reduce these emissions. Emissions from volcanoes and those from biological processes that occur on the land‚ in wetlands‚ and in the oceans account for the
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R. H. Metabolism of 109 infiltrated organic acids by tobacco leaves. Plant Physiol. 27: 240-249. 1952. 31. ZUCKER‚ M. and NASON‚ A. A pyridine nucleotidehydroxylamine reductase from Neurospora. Jour. Biol. Chem. 213: 463-478. 1955. 32. ZUCKER‚ M. and NASON‚ A. Enzymatic reduction of hydroxylamine to ammonia by reduced pyridine nucleotides. Federation Proc. 13: 328. 1954. THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE GROWTH RATES OF GREEN ALGAE 12‚’3 CONSTANTINE SOROKIN 4 AND ROBERT W. KRAUSS DEPARTMENT
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Internal Structure Of A Plant PLANT CELL STRUCTURE Plant cells are classed as eukaryotes organisms‚ because they have a membrane enclosed nuclei and organelles. Here is a diagram of a plant cell;  Cytoplasm Most chemical reactions take place here. It helps the cell maintain it’s shape. Nucleus The nucleus has two main roles. Firstly it contains all the cells genetic information. Secondly it coordinates the cell’s activities‚ which include growth‚ intermediary metabolism‚ protein synthesis
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PLANT SAFETY Industrial accidents present a serious problem like production losses and property damage that can possibly have a crippling effect on the operations of the organization. However‚ it is possible to and practicable to control industrial accidents Objectives of The Indian Factories Act 1948 • To protect human beings from being subjected to unduly long hours of bodily strains of manual labor‚ and • Employees should work in health and sanitary conditions so far as the manufacturing
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