Global Governance 12 (2006)‚ 413– 429 Pathways Through Financial Crisis: India Arunabha Ghosh India survived near-crisis situations twice in the 1990s. How did internal and external constraints shape that country’s ability to respond to the crises? This article argues that India’s success can be attributed to four sets of decisions taken during the period 1991–1997: devaluation‚ involvement of the IMF‚ partial liberalization of the domestic financial sector‚ and gradual opening up of the external
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CENTRAL BANKS‚ STOCK EXCHANGE AND COMMERCIAL BANKS CENTRAL BANKS A central bank is the main national bank that provides a government and its commercial banking system with financial and banking services controlling the government’s monetary policy and issuing currency. Functions of a central bank include: • It has the sole right to issue currency – it maintains uniformity in the currency and manages it accordingly using knowledge about the economy • It is a banker‚ advisor and agent to the government
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Leverage is borrowing money to amplify the outcome of a deal. The financial crisis includes sub-prime mortgages‚ collateralized debt obligations‚ frozen credit markets‚ and credit default swaps. The way that leverage works in a normal deal is that someone can buy merchandise for 20‚000 and sell it to someone else for 11‚000 and they gain 1‚000 in profit. However‚ using leverage if the same person with 10‚000 goes to borrow 990‚000 it will give him 1‚000‚000. He will then go buy 100 boxes with his
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Walmart: Every Day Low Prices In 1962 the company’s founder‚ Sam Walton‚ opened the first Walmart department store. Since then Walmart has grown exponentially and has established itself not only as one of America’s largest corporation‚ but also as one of the largest public corporations in the world. Walmart’s business model and cookie-cutter store model has allowed the company to gain a tight grip around the average American consumer. Walmart has grown successful in many other countries around
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dramatic run-up in asset prices. At the same time‚ the regional economies of Thailand‚ Malaysia‚ Indonesia‚ Singapore‚ and South Korea experienced high growth rates‚ 8–12% GDP‚ in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This achievement was widely acclaimed by financial institutions including the IMF and World Bank‚ and was known as part of the "Asian economic miracle". In 1994‚ noted economist Paul Krugman published an article attacking the idea of an "Asian economic miracle".[4] He argued that East Asia’s economic
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The columbian exchange was the exchange of plants‚ animals‚ diseases and food between early afro-eurasia and the Americas. These trades seem insignificant but they aren’t‚ they caused a domino effect that changed the Americas and afro-eurasia drastically. animals and plants changed the land‚ diseases changed the inhabitants‚ food helped settlers survive and make meals people still eat to this day. The exchange also helped American civilization advance. Europe made a lot of money off of things
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SAMUELSON’S DICTUM AND THE STOCK MARKET BY JEEMAN JUNG and ROBERT J. SHILLER COWLES FOUNDATION PAPER NO. 1183 COWLES FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH IN ECONOMICS YALE UNIVERSITY Box 208281 New Haven‚ Connecticut 06520-8281 2006 http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/ SAMUELSON’S DICTUM AND THE STOCK MARKET JEEMAN JUNG and ROBERT J. SHILLER* Samuelson has offered the dictum that the stock market is ‘‘micro efficient’’ but ‘‘macro inefficient.’’ That is‚ the efficient markets hypothesis works much better
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1.0 INTRODUCTION In 1997‚ there are the one big issue happen in the global market which is the Asian faces the economic crisis problem This problem have create the big negative impact to the almost of the country in the Asian nation especially in the economic and also the financial condition. According to the research from ADBI Institute (2008) that the crisis is identified started in Thailand and later is spread to all the near country that located in the Asian nation. Thailand before this known
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Financial Market and Financial Instruments Market is simply defined as an area for potential exchanges. Thus market is a group of buyers and sellers interested in negotiating the terms of purchase or sales of goods and services. Similarly‚ financial market is that market is traded- loaned or borrowed-in-terms of different financial assets or instruments stocks and bonds are traded. "Securities" means shares‚ stock‚ bond‚ debenture‚ debenture stock issued by a corporate body or a certificate to unit
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October 21‚ 2008 THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: CAN ISLAMIC FINANCE HELP MINIMIZE THE SEVERITY AND FREQUENCY OF SUCH A CRISIS IN THE FUTURE? by M. Umer Chapra* (A paper prepared for presentation at the Forum on the Global Financial Crisis to be held at the Islamic Development Bank on 25 October 2008) ___________________ * The author is Research Adviser at the Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI) of the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). This paper is a revised and updated version
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