Element: Simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties. Atom: The smallest particles with unique chemical identities. Nucleus: Center of an atom (composed of protons and neutrons). Proton: Have a single positive charge (+1). Neutron: Have no charge. Electron: Tiny particles with a single negative charge and very low mass (-1)/determines chemical bonding properties of an atom. Atomic Number: Number of protons in the nucleus. Atomic Mass: Approximate number of protons and neutrons
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Chemical reactions involve the making and breaking of bonds. It is essential that we know what bonds are before we can understand any chemical reaction. To understand bonds‚ we will first describe several of their properties. The bond strength tells us how hard it is to break a bond. Bond lengths give us valuable structural information about the positions of the atomic nuclei. Bond dipoles inform us about the electron distribution around the two bonded atoms. From bond dipoles we may derive electronegativity
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INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL BONDS CHEMICAL BOND Definition: A chemical bond is defined as a force that acts between two or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule. Main types of bond: 1. Ionic or electrovalent bond‚ 2. Covalent bond‚ 3. Coordinate covalent bond Forth type of bond: Metallic bond: The type of bonding which holds the atoms together in metal crystal. Valence electron: The electrons in the outer most energy level in an atom that takes part in chemical bonding
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Chemical Periodicity ------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT The experiment chemical periodicity shows the properties and reactions belonging to group IA‚ IIA‚ and IVA. Proper procedures and observations were done to determine the solubility‚ physical state‚ color‚ and appearance of the compounds namely Li2CO3‚ Na2CO3‚ K2CO3‚ CaCO3‚ and BaCO3. The results shows that Li2CO3‚ Na2CO3‚ K2CO3 were soluble in water‚ while MgCO3‚ CaCO3‚and BaCO3 were not soluble. All of these compounds
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The Effects of Secondary Plant Compounds on Lumbriculus Variegatus Heart Rate Introduction Blackworms (Lumbriculus variegatus) were used in this experiment to study the effects of secondary plant compounds‚ chemical compounds produced by plants that are not part of the general metabolism‚ on pulse rate. Secondary plant compounds act as defense mechanisms which reduce or eliminate consumption of some plant species or even attract predators. These compounds are not essential to the plant but often
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Lauren Kelly Individual Student Presentation 28 July 2013 Toxic Plants 10. Would you believe that there’s a tree so poisonous that you don’t actually have to touch it to be harmed? It’s called the manchineel tree (found throughout the Florida Everglades‚ Central America and the Caribbean. Inhaling sawdust or smoke tree may result in a variety of uncomfortable side effects‚ including coughing‚ laryngitis and bronchitis. Some reports suggest that simply standing beneath the tree during a rainstorm
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TOMATO PLANT 1) Seed: Tomato seeds are small‚ flat and disk shaped and about 1/8 inch wide. They contain two energy storage organs called cotyledons and an embryo encased in a hard outer shell called the seed coat. The seed is the dormant or resting stage of the plant life cycle. When young tomato plants are damaged‚ they tend to go into a dormant‚ survival stage in which plant growth is delayed for a while. Frost damage is something to look out for when planting tomatoes early on in the season
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used average of the companies that is specialized for 21`only. Based on all above judgements‚ calculated cost of equity is 15.37%‚ and WACC is 12.01%. Calculation of NPVs Table 2 and Table 3 show the next 10 years cash flow of the Collinsville Plant without and with laminated graphite electrodes. Using the calculated WACC as the discount rate‚ the NPVs results are approximately -1.1 million without laminated electrodes and 10.3 million with laminated electrodes. According to the NPV calculated
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leafy object. Trees and flowers or generally‚ they are known as plants. A very good morning to all! Today‚ I would like to enlighten everyone in this room about the benefits of plants. Why do you see them everywhere you go? How do they benefit us? Well‚ the floras are a very crucial object to this planet’s survival and all its living things. However‚ today‚ I would like to focus on the benefits if plants towards us‚ human beings. Plants provide oxygen for us‚ supply us with materials to be used on
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The hypothesis If a chemical reaction occurs‚ then there will be indicators of a chemical change‚ was supported throughout this experiment. Throughout this experiment there were several reactions that took place‚ and an indicator of such chemical reactions could be seen throughout each one. The first piece of identifiable evidence was present in the first step‚ which was when copper (II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide were combined. When stirred‚ a blue precipitate formed at the bottom of the test
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