surface of water and mud. Algae were evolving at the water’s edge‚ and one group – probably the charophytes – gave rise to plants. Cooksonia‚ a simple branching plant a few centimeters tall‚ evolved by 430 million years ago. It took another 160 million years for the taller Psilophyton to evolve. Then the evolutionary pace picked up. It took only 60 million years for plants radiate from the swampy lowlands to high mountains and nearly all places in between. They did so through modifications in
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2011 Plants and Nitrogen Lab Report Introduction: Plants need ammonia‚ a combination of nitrogen and hydrogen‚ or nitrate‚ a form of inorganic nitrogen to grow. Most nitrogen is found in the atmosphere. However‚ plants and animals cannot directly absorb the nitrogen found in the atmosphere. Instead nitrogen gas is captured from the air by species of bacteria that lie in the water‚ soil‚ or grow on the roots of some plants. These bacteria convert the nitrogen into a form usable by plants. The
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the Plant the Longest? Daniel Rivera Alfonso Pineda Mrs. Fraijo AP Biology 10 June 2012 Abstract: In this experiment‚ 8 plants will be tested. Each except one plant (which will be the control group) will receive a certain amount of water starting at 0 teaspoons of water. Each plant will receive 1 more teaspoon than the previous cup‚ so it would be increasing. For example‚ cup 4 will have 4 teaspoons of water and cup 3 would have 3. The data recorded will be the length the plant grows
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the plant. This means that guard cells on the stomata are generally inactive. 3. An increased number of stomata‚ that can be on either side of leaves. 4. A less rigid structure: water pressure supports them. 5. Flat leaves on surface plants for flotation. 6. Air sacs for flotation. 7. Smaller roots: water can diffuse directly into leaves. 8. Feathery roots: no need to support the plant. 9. Specialized roots able to take in oxygen. Floating All floating plants
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combustion. The most common emiters of these fossil fuels are power plants‚ factories and automobiles. Acid rain does not only degrade the environment‚ it causes negative issues on political‚ social and economic factors. Forests are affected greatly by the impacts of acid rain. Through years of research‚ scientists‚ foresters and environmentalists have discovered how acid rain has slowed down the growth of some forests and plants. The effects acid rain has on trees is change of colour and in some extreme
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Biology 101 1 November 2013 Cellular Respiration in Peas Part A: Abstract: This report examines Cellular Respiration and its functions as well as its function in germinating and non-germination peas. Cellular Respiration can best be described as a complicated string of chemical reactions. The complete Cellular respiration process begins with Glucose being oxidized‚ and the potential energy is transferred to the ATP molecule. The ATP molecule is now free to supply energy to the various
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Introduction: Plants have adaptations to help them survive in harsh environments; Some live in a forests where plants have to find a way to get the sunlight they require‚ some live in an aquatic environments where there is an abundance of water‚ and some live in desert environments where it is dry and very hot. These plants have different adaptations such as leaf size‚ leaf surface‚ stem size‚ and their stress level. In this lab‚ we will be discussing plants from 3 different regions; forest‚ aquatic
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Fertilizers are essential in plant growth due to the lack of some nutrients in the soil. They contain three distinct categories which are the primary nutrients‚ secondary nutrients and metals. (hazri). In order for a plant to develop growth‚ the basic needs of carbon (C)‚ hydrogen (H)‚ and oxygen (O) are required which are available in the air and water. Also‚ a boost of macronutrients are also essential for plant growth which are obtainable from chemical fertilizers mainly nitrogen (N)‚ phosphate
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Of course‚ we live in an imperfect world and not all surfaces are smooth. When light strikes a rough surface‚ incoming light rays reflect at all sorts of angles because the surface is uneven. This scattering occurs in many of the objects we encounter every day. The surface of paper is a good example. You can see just how rough it is if you peer at it under a microscope. When light hits paper‚ the waves are reflected in all directions. This is what makes paper so incredibly useful -- you can read
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Parts of plants Each part of a plant has a very important function. All plants produce flowers for the same reason: to make seeds so another plant can grow. Leaves: These are the parts of the plant where food is made by photosynthesis. Leaves take in carbon dioxide from the air‚ water from the soil‚ and energy from the sunlight. During photosynthesis‚ the leaves use light energy to change carbon dioxide and water into food. (sugar) Flowers: These are the reproductive parts of
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