The phospholipid bilayer surrounds the cell with the heads exposed to the water inwards and outwards‚ while the tails are enclosed between the heads. However‚ this membrane is not locked together or rigid; it is selectively permeable. Selective permeability allows some substances to pass through it. The membrane is fluid‚ allowing certain molecules to pass through by diffusion. This type of passage through a cell is called passive transport‚ when no energy is required for a molecule to pass through
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Effects of Molasses Concentration on Yeast Fermentation The purpose of this lab was to determine how yeast cells are affected by the concentration of a food source‚ and for our purposes‚ the food sources were corn syrup and molasses. Our hypothesis was that the yeast cells would ferment the most when there was a higher concentration of molasses/corn syrup. In order to test this‚ we created 10 test tubes with decreasing concentrations of molasses/corn syrup using a serial dilution. Each test
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MICROBIOLOGY COURSEWORK The effect of antibiotic concentration on bacterial growth Introduction Null Hypothesis- Increasing the antibiotic concentration has no effect on bacterial growth. Experimental Hypothesis- Increasing the antibiotic concentration decreases bacterial growth. Scientific Theory Bacteria are prokaryotes and can be identified by their shape. Spherical bacteria are called cocci‚ rod shaped bacteria are called bacilli‚ spiral shaped bacteria are called spirilla and
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Measuring the effect of the concentration of caffeine on heartbeats. Caffeine is a stimulant which increases cardiac arrhythmia (improper heart rate) by increasing stress hormone (e.g. adrenaline) secretions. It also increases blood pressure which contributes to the blockage of receptors such as adenosine A1 and A2 receptors. The caffeine blocking receptors also blocks vasodilatory function‚ in which blood vessels become less dilated. Hence wise‚ caffeine is also known as a mild stimulant of the
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Effects of Temperature‚ pH‚ Enzyme Concentration‚ and Substrate Concentration on Enzymatic Activity INTRODUCTION Enzymes‚ proteins that act as catalysts‚ are the most important type of protein[1]. Catalysts speed up chemical reactions and can go without being used up or changed [3] Without enzymes‚ the biochemical reactions that take place will react too slowly to keep up with the metabolic needs and the life functions of organisms. Catecholase is a reaction between oxygen and catechol
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Salt Pollution As awareness for pollution increases‚ other forms of pollution are defined. Almost everyone knows about toxic waste and carbon dioxide pollution‚ but not many people have heard of salt pollution. Salt pollution has been on the increase since the evolution of the automobile. With more pressure on government agencies to keep the highway clear and safe‚ an increase in the use of salt has developed. It is important to understand why salt is used and how it work as well as the environmental
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Bath Salts or Designer Cathinones The principal active ingredient in bath salts MDPV (methylenedioxypryrovalerone) is a highly potent synthetic cathinone derivative. The Navy takes a zero tolerance stance when it comes to the use of synthetic drugs. According to SECNAV Instruction 5300.28D‚ the use of any controlled substances and designer drugs such as "bath salts" is prohibited and could result in discharge from the Navy. From the Seattle Weekly: “According to the feds‚ the drug first
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The effect of enzyme concentration‚ substrate concentration‚ pH‚ and temperature on the enzyme catalase. Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts; proteins and RNA. They are required for most biological reactions and they are highly specific. Each enzyme has an active site. The active site is the spot on the enzyme where a substrate fits in. Substrates binds with enzymes through the active site. Enzymes‚ being highly specific‚ only fit with one certain substrate. Enzymes and substrates
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Title: “The Effect of Substrate Concentration‚ Enzyme Concentration‚ pH and Temperature on Enzyme Activity” Abstract: In the following experiments we will measure precise amounts of potato extract as well as Phenylthiourea‚ combined with or without deionized water and in some instances change the temperature and observe and record the reaction. We will also investigate the different levels of prepared pH on varying samples of the potato extract and the Phenylthiourea and record the results.
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2012-2013 Winter Break Homework Packet Prince George’s County Public Schools Reading/English Language Arts Grade 9 1 GRADE 9 WINTER BREAK READING HOMEWORK PACKET In Preparation for the Maryland High School Assessment‚ PSAT‚ and SAT DIRECTIONS: The enclosed activities are to be completed by your child during the Winter Break and he/she is encouraged to return it to his/her Reading/English Language Arts teacher upon return to school. Parents are encouraged to assist in the following ways:
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