Discovery Restriction enzymes were discovered 40 years ago during investigations into the phenomenon of host-specific restriction and modification of bacterial viruses. Restriction enzymes protect bacteria from infections by viruses‚ and it is generally accepted that this is their role in nature. They function as microbial immune systems. When a strain of E. coli lacking a restriction enzyme is infected with a virus‚ most virus particles can initiate a successful infection. When the same strain
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The effects of human activity on ecosystems and biodiversity Agricultural Practice Biodiversity is a measure of the diversity among organisms in different ecosystems. "Diversity" in this definition includes diversity within a species and among species‚ and among ecosystems.’ Monoculture is when a farmer produces or grows one single crop over a wide area. The advantages to the farmer of monoculture are‚ “the reduced plant competition for nutrients‚ space and solar radiation‚ control of unprofitable
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Investigating the effects of temperature on cell membranes Independent variable: Temperature of beetroot Dependent variable: Absorbency of light Hypothesis: As temperature rises to its optimum temperature‚ the absorbency of light will increase because protein is an enzyme and will therefore be affected by temperature. This is because more beetroot dye will pass through the cell membrane and then into the distilled water. The deeper the colour of the beetroot dye‚ the higher the absorbency
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How Environment Can Effect Enzymes Introduction: In a chemical reaction there sometimes can be a catalyst present known as an enzyme. An enzyme is a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the amount of activation energy required to start the reaction. By lowering the activation energy‚ more of the substrate is able to participate in the reaction‚ speeding it up. Enzymes are substrate specific. The substrate is what the enzyme bonds to. That is to say that enzyme A will only react
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-APPLICATION OF ENZYMES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Why enzymes in organic synthesis? | Alternative to chemical methods: * High region- and stereoselectivity * Milder reaction conditions * Environmentally more friendly | Which enzyme(s)? | OxidoreductasesHydrolasesLyasesIsomerases | Which reaction system? | AqueousAqueous and water-miscible organic solventAqueous and water-immiscible organic solventPure organic solventOther solvents (supercritical fluids‚ ionic liquids) | Which ‘chemistry’
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Chemistry 512 Enzyme Catalysis Lab Report Pre-lab Questions: 1. Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the reaction catalyzed by peroxidase. 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 (4H1 4O) (4H + 2O + 2O) 2. What is the substrate(s) of this reaction? What is the catalyst? Substrate = H2O2 hydrogen peroxide Catalyst = peroxide 3. At what approximate temperature do enzymes normally operate in the body of a warm-blooded animal? Would your answer change if the enzyme came from a plant or yeast? Enzymes normally
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BABS1201 Group Enzymes Project Group Protocol Including Equipment and Reagents List Lab Day: Wednesday Lab Time: 10am – 1pm Are you in Lab G20 (furthest from BSB Student Office) or Lab G21 (closest to BSB Student Office)?: Demonstrator Name: Daniel Winters Names of Group Members: Johnny Nguyen‚ Therese Pham‚ Linda Tang Name of Enzyme You are Investigating: Amylase Brief Background: Amylase is a digestive enzyme‚ produced mainly by the salivary glands and the pancreas‚ to break down
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Enzyme Specificity Using Beta-galactosidase and Alpha-galactosidase Introduction: In order to survive‚ organisms need reactions to occur at a certain time and place. Enzymes make these reactions happen. Enzymes are highly specific causing only one enzyme to catalyze one reaction. “Induced fit” explains why enzymes act this certain way. An enzyme will surround a certain substrate and form to it for the reaction to occur in the active site. If it doesn’t form to it‚ the reaction will not occur
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by : enisa cahya . chamilanisty@yahoo.com Using Fun Activities to Improve speaking skill for senior high school learners There are many definition of speaking. Speaking is one of the skills that have to be mastered by students in learning English. It is important for students to known definition first. Many experts define speaking in different ways. Brown and Yule (1989) stated in their book. The speakers say words to the listener not only to express what in her mind but also to express what
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Enzymes Abstract: The following 2 labs experimented the more enzymes and substrates added to the concentration will effect the reaction rate. Our second lab‚ we tested enzyme and substrate concentrations to determine the increase of temperature and inhibitor. The enzyme source used in both labs was peroxide‚ guaiacol is used as a substrate for peroxide. We used Guaiacol‚ turnip extract‚ peroxide and distilled water for enzyme and substrate concentration. In the second lab we used the same substances
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