Astronomical numbers of photosynthetic cells had come and gone‚ and oxygen-producing types had changed the atmosphere. High above Earth‚ the sun’s energy had converted much of the oxygen into a dense ozone layer‚ a shield against lethal doses of ultraviolet radiation. Until then‚ life had not ventured above the surface of water and mud. Algae were evolving at the water’s edge‚ and one group – probably the charophytes – gave rise to plants. Cooksonia‚ a simple branching plant a few centimeters tall‚ evolved
Premium Plant
The prokaryotic cell precedes any forms of Bacteria‚ Archaea‚ and eventually Eukaryotes by approximately two billion years. This cell was the original life form on the planet and represents the smallest and least complex of all organisms. Through the process of mutation and adaptation they were able to survive to evolve into our modern day Bacteria‚ Archaea‚ Fungi and Protists. These post organisms have benefited from their early ancestor‚ by way of Endosymbiosis. Intricate protest and fungi are
Premium Eukaryote Bacteria Organelle
Parts of plants Each part of a plant has a very important function. All plants produce flowers for the same reason: to make seeds so another plant can grow. Leaves: These are the parts of the plant where food is made by photosynthesis. Leaves take in carbon dioxide from the air‚ water from the soil‚ and energy from the sunlight. During photosynthesis‚ the leaves use light energy to change carbon dioxide and water into food. (sugar) Flowers: These are the reproductive parts of
Premium Root
Effect of temperature and humidity on the transpiration rateof the whole mushrooms P.V. Mahajan * ‚ F.A.R. Oliveira‚ I. Macedo Department of Process and Chemical Engineering‚ University College Cork‚ Ireland Abstract Water loss or transpiration is an important physiological process that affects the main quality characteristics of fresh mushrooms‚such as saleable weight‚ appearance and texture. A loss in weight of only 5% may cause fresh produce to lose freshness and appear wiltedand it is an
Premium Humidity Water Water vapor
Explain in detail why palisade cells in plants contain many chloroplasts Palisade cells are cells which are found within the leaves of many plants. They contain chloroplasts‚ which convert the energy in light to chemical energy through photosynthesis. The cylindrical shape of palisade cells allows a large amount of light to be absorbed by the chloroplasts. Beneath the palisade mesophyll are the spongy mesophyll cells‚ irregularly-shaped cells that having many intercellular spaces to allow the
Premium Photosynthesis Leaf Oxygen
roles of mitotic cell division‚ meiosis‚ and fertilization in the human life cycle. Mitosis allows for growth and repair from the fertilized egg to the adult. In reproductively mature individuals‚ meiosis creates gametes with half the genetic material. The male gamete then fertilizes the female gamete during sexual reproduction‚ forming a zygote with a full set of genetic material. 2. Why are both cell division and apoptosis necessary for the development of an organism? Cell division is needed
Premium DNA Cancer
Experiment title: Preparation of Biological Materials for Microscopic Examination Objectives: 1. To learn how to use a microscope. 2. To study the cell structure of starch grains‚ onion cells and cheek cells. 3. To differentiate the difference between starch grains‚ onion cells and cheek cells. Introduction: Microscope is an optical instrument use to magnify micro objects that hardly or impossible to be observed by naked eyes‚ so that the objects can be studied. Compound light microscope
Free Cell Microscope
Plant Physiology Review for Quiz 4/09/13 1. What is Plant Physiology? Plant physiology is the study of the functions of plants. 2. What is the difference between phenotype and genotype The difference between phenotype and genotype is that phenotype is the external characteristics and genotype is the genetic make up 3. What are the two types of cell walls? The two types of cell walls are primary cell wall and secondary cell wall. 4. What are the most abundance components of the CELL
Premium Cell wall
Plant Kingdom * Bryophyta * Non-vascular (no xylem or phloem) * Reliance on diffusion and osmosis * Ergo‚ size restriction to damp areas * Reproduce via haploid spores * No roots; rhizoids * No true stems * Possible earliest colonists of land. * Moss‚ liverworts‚ hornworts * Filicinophyta * Seedless (male gamete meets female gametes) * Vascular (xylem carry water and phloem carry nutrients) * Ferns‚ club mosses‚
Premium Leaf Phloem Plant physiology
| |1. It is characterized by the fusion of two cells (Gametes) usually coming from |1. It is a type of reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes. | |two parents. | | |2. New plants are produced from seeds. |2. New individual is produced from
Premium Seed Reproduction Flower