Extraction of Caffeine from Lipton® Tea Leaves Nathaniel Camangon*‚ Kaila Bumagat‚ Franz Mari Burgos‚ Remigio Callanta Department of Chemistry‚ College of Science‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract This experiment mainly focuses on the extraction of pure caffeine by multiple extraction from commercially acquired tea leaves and determining its purity by melting point determination. A 0.02% yield of pure caffeine was obtained from 10.4978g of tea leaves (4 tea bags).
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The effect of increasing substrate concentration on rate of an enzyme reaction. Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower a reactions activation energy making possible many of the reactions needed for life to exist. Enzymes have a high specificity which have been explained by many theories such as Fischer’s lock and key. Currently the most widely accepted theory is the induced fit hypothesis proposed by Koshland in 1958. This hypothesis solves some of the problems with the Lock and key theory
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Gambling and Public Policy RONALD M. PAVALKO Abstract The expansion of legalized gambling poses a number of issues for policymakers. Two related issues‚ which have not been dealt with extensively from a public policy perspective‚ are examined in this commentary: state responsibility for addressing pathological and problem gambling‚ and the legal status and regulation of Internet gambling. A review of the recommendations of the 1998 National Gambling Impact Study Commission on pathological and problem
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This I Believe I believe in caffeine. I believe in caffeine because it keeps me alert‚ not quite awake‚ but alert. After a full night of studying‚ cramming on procrastinated homework‚ or just refusing to go to sleep‚ caffeine keeps you alert enough to be aware of the happenings of your day. But why would a 17 year old girl believe in caffeine‚ a chemical usually depended upon by truck drivers and stressed out adults working a daily 9-5? This is because of a 17 year old girl’s awareness of the
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Effects of Raising Interest Rates If a central bank increases the base rate‚ this tends to increase all major interest rates in the economy. This means interest rates for both savers and borrowers will increase. Higher interest rates will have various economic effects: 1. Increases the cost of borrowing. Interest payments on credit cards and loans will be more expensive. Therefore this discourages people from borrowing and saving. People who already have loans will have less disposable income
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The purpose of this practical is to investigate how the pulse rate of humans changes when they exercise. Someone who is physically fit can supply their muscles with enough blood‚ carrying glucose and oxygen‚ for an activity at a lower heart and breathing rate. The fitter you are the lower your resting heart rate. You and your classmates will be the humans investigated. SAFETY: If you know you have any condition that affects you doing exercise‚ please make sure your teacher knows before you start
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Chemical Kinetics Factors Affecting Reaction Rate OVERVIEW Chemical reactions occur at different rates. In this experiment you will consider some of the key factors that influence the rate of a reaction: nature of reactants - particle size temperature concentration catalysts According to the collision theory‚ the rate of a reaction depends on the frequency of collisions between reacting particles. The more frequent the collisions‚ the faster the rate of the reaction. However‚ in order for the
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Experiment 11b: Isolation of Caffeine from a Tea Bag October 12‚2012 Purpose: The objective of this experiment is to extract caffeine from tea bags using the method of extraction. After the caffeine is extracted it is then compared to the nutritional facts amount per serving on the tea bags box. Supplies: Glassware: 1. 50.0 m L graduated cylinder 2. 150.0 mL beaker 3. 2-glass stirring rod 4. 6-test tubes 5. 2-glass pipettes 6. 2-50.0 mL Erlenmeyer flasks 7. glass funnel Hardware:
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[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] _An experiment on the effect of surface area to volume ratio on the rate of osmosis of Solanum tuberosum L._ BACKGROUND A cell needs to perform diffusion in order to survive. Substances‚ including water‚ ions‚ and molecules that are required for cellular activities‚ can enter and leave cells by a passive process such as diffusion. Diffusion is random movement of molecules in a net direction from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
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The Health Effects of Caffeine on the Human Body Caffeine‚ known as a “drug” is something that many people consume on a daily basis. It is very common and can be consumed in many different ways. Caffeine can be consumed through drinks‚ medicine and/or foods. In one way or another‚ caffeine is used as a stimulant to help during the day when most being to feel tired or sluggish. Caffeine is considered a pick me up and helps to boost ones energy level in order to complete daily tasks. The taste of caffeine
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