forefront is DNA vaccination. DNA vaccines are bacterial plasmids that encode the polypeptide sequence
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Primary radiation is also known as direct radiation. * Secondary Radiation (aka Scatter radiation & Leakage Radiaiton) * Scatter Radiation – results whenever a diagnostic x-ray beam passes through matter. * Compton interactions between the x-ray photons and the electrons of the atoms within attenuating object deflect x-ray photons from their initial trajectories. * X-ray photons emerge from the object in all direction. * Leakage Radiation – radiation generated
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Medical Center will provide me with the comprehensive training necessary to fulfill my aspirations. I am particularly fascinated in the field of radiation oncology. Watching as the physicians at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) cared for and interacted with their patients and‚ subsequently‚ investigated novel methods to optimize radiation therapy solidified my interest in this specialty. I am also interested in research
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Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) is one of the fundamental phenomena of electromagnetism‚ propagating and traveling through space via photon wave particles‚ carrying radiant energy. In a vacuum‚ it propagates at a characteristic speed‚ the speed of light‚ normally in straight lines. EMR is emitted and absorbed by charged particles. As an electromagnetic wave‚ it has both electric and magnetic field components‚ which oscillate in a fixed relationship to one
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DNA Technology: Biotechnology 1) Selective breeding a. 2) Genetic engineering – humans tinker with organisms genes a. Cloning –take haploid cel and replace with a diploid nucleus (comes from organism whos traits you want to duplicate. b. Recombinant DNA – DNA from 2 or more sources. Done by Euk cells during Meiosis. Always from same molecule. 3) Biologists first started doing recombinant DNA from a prok cell and combined it with another prok cell because it was easier. 4) DNA from a
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Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA technology refers to the ability to isolate specific DNA sequences and alter or manipulate them to produce desired effects. More often‚ recombinant DNA technology is referred to as biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology is fascinating in that it has developed into a multi-billion dollar industry‚ and completely revolutionized agriculture and pharmaceutical industries‚ all within the past 50 years. According to one account‚ biotechnology was born
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Background on Genomic DNA Isolation and Purification Generally‚ all methods involve the disruption and lysis of cells. This is followed sometimes by the removal of RNA (by RNAses‚ salt or other methods). Choosing which method to use will depend on many selection factors including: DNA is isolated from proteins by several methods including digestion of proteins by the enzyme proteinase K. Proteins are removed subsequently by salting-out‚ organic extraction‚ or binding of the DNA to a solid-phase support
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DNA synthesis inhibitors Nucleic acid inhibitors are chemicals which inhibit the production of nucleic acids including both DNA and RNA. DNA and RNA inhibitors inhibit enzyme action in DNA replication in the same way as the topoisomerase inhibitors we discussed earlier. Topoisomerase inhibitors (1) (10) are chemicals which interfere with the enzymes that allow DNA strands to separate and to re-join‚ a process that is required for the division of bacteria and without which DNA cannot effectively
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BOHR EFFECT • O2 in lungs bound to hemoglobin • Hgb travels through the body picking up CO2 from the cells and lowers the pH level • Lower pH levels allow the Hgb to release O2 more easily to the organs • When the pH is lower Hgb releases the needed amount of O2 throughout the body instead of targeting one areas so the whole body gets oxygen it needs to sustain organ life and excrete toxins • If pH is to high the Hgb cannot distribute the O2 effectively to the body • The Bohr effect gives
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1. Sequence A TCT TCC CTC CTA AAC GTT CAA CCG GTT CTT AAT CCG CCG CCA GGG CCC CGC CCC TCA GAA GTT GGT Sequence B TCA GAC GTT TTT GCC CCG TAA CAA CTT GTT ACA ACA TGG TCA TAA ACG TCA GAG ATG GTC AAT CTC TTA ATG ACT Sequence C TAC AAA CAT GTA AAC ACA CCC TCA GTG GAC CAA CTC CGC AAC ATA AAC CAA ACA CCG CTC GCG CCG AAA AAG ATA TGG 3. 4. Sequence A - Middle Sequence AGA AGG GAG GAU UUG CAA GUU GGC CAA GAA UUA GGC GGC GGU CCC GGG GCG GGG AGU CUU CAA CCA Sequence B - End Sequence
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