Fifth Amendment Indictment of Grand Jury The grand jury originated in England‚ under the rule of King John. The king selected the grand jury to be a body of his reign that would accuse no innocent person‚ and would shelter no guilty person. The Fifth Amendment of the United States protects people from self-incrimination by forcing the prosecution to obtain an indictment (complaint) from a grand jury before the case can be presented in trial before a court. Today‚ grand juries are virtually inexistent
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COMMON LAW ORIGIN OF THE 4TH AMENDMENT As is the case with the majority of the legal pronouncements that comprise the Bill of Rights‚ the Fourth Amendment is based on the English common law that was extant in England in the 1600s and 1700s. In fact‚ the Fourth Amendment was directly inspired by three British legal cases – two of which were adjudicated in England and one that was tried in the American colonies in the 1760s. The two cases tried in England‚ Wilkes v. Wood (1763) and Entick v
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against inequality but‚ it wasn’t easy at all because they had to face long struggle known as women’s suffrage movement that give the women right to vote. That’s why the 19th amendment was the results of decades of efforts that women put in order to get granted officially with the right to vote in the form of an amendment to the constitution.
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The First and Second Amendment When the Constitution was written‚ it was not the intent of the authors to assure human rights to its citizenry‚ it was written in order to set up a federal government that would allow the United States to be a self-governing entity‚ and to put in place a system of government that would serve the citizens of the country in the way that they saw fit. After the ratification of the Constitution in 1787‚ “people soon began to notice that it did not list many of
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A critical point to be noted is that the Fourth Amendment only applies to government action‚ which includes deputized individuals or those acting at the direction/behest of law enforcement. Additionally‚ the Fourth Amendment requires not only an actual expectation of privacy‚ but also‚ a societally recognized‚ reasonable expectation of privacy in the place or area searched. The Fourth Amendment has been interpreted to: require that searches and seizures be reasonable; and prohibit warrants except
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A. Fourth Amendment: Reasonableness Requirement The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of persons‚ papers‚ houses‚ and effects by the government. A search or seizure occurs when the government violates a person’s reasonable expectation of privacy. Under two-prong Katz test‚ a reasonable expectation of privacy exists‚ where (1) a person exhibits a subjective expectation of privacy‚ and (2) society deems the expectation objectively reasonable. Under the subjective
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Some of the most memorable events that happened in my life occurred during seventh and eighth grade. One of the most fond memories that I had was my seventh grade trip to Washington‚ DC. We took a class trip to Washington DC so that we could visit all the important historic monuments for history class. This was a very memorable event because all my friends had came on the trip and we all bonded while we were there which created stronger relationships between all of us. This made my year because
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pursuit of happiness. Leave it to the courts to decide whether or not their deeds warrant their imprisonment or their death. The eighth amendment states that “excessive bail shall not be required‚ nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted”. Many people’s arguments against the death penalty seem to revolve around its violation with this amendment. In my opinion this argument is invalid because although death was once considered a “cruel and unusual punishment through its
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considered to be cruel. What makes it cruel and unusual though? What has happened to make society view these as wrong? These types of punishment were once considered to be normal and adequate‚ how has that changed? How have we evolved? The Eighth Amendment to the US Constitution states‚ Excessive bail shall not be required‚ nor excessive fines imposed‚ nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. We know what excessive bail is and excessive fines‚ but what exactly cruel and unusual punishment
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The Constitution of the United States has twenty-seven amendments and out of those twenty-seven‚ I believe the first amendment is the most important. The first amendment protects your most basic needs. The first amendment consist of freedom of speech‚ freedom of religion‚ freedom of assembly‚ freedom of press‚ and freedom to ask the government to right their wrongs. The freedom of speech allows a person to say what they think within reason. When speaking your opinion‚ you should be careful not slander
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