excitation of a solid. A vivid picture of exciton formation is as follows: a photon enters a semiconductor‚ exciting an electron from the valence band into the conduction band. The missing electron in the valence band leaves a hole behind‚ of opposite electric charge‚ to which it is attracted by the Coulomb force. The exciton results from the binding of the electron with its hole; as a result‚ the exciton has slightly less energy than the unbound electron and hole. The wavefunction of the bound state is hydrogenic
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Experiment 2: Centrifugation Title Centrifugation of fresh milk and Acetic Acid Objective(s): 1. To separate coagulated milk from mixture of fresh milk and Acetic Acid by centrifugation 2. To determine the relationship of speed of centrifugation with the coagulation of milk which separate from mixture. 3. To study the process of centrifugation Introduction Centrifugation is a process which materials suspended in a liquid medium undergo separation or concentrate due to the effect of gravity
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procedure 8.2- Addition of clearing agents including ratio conversion 8.3- PH testing 8.4- Vinometer testing 8.5- Hydrometer testing 8.6- Turbidity testing (tube) 8.7- Sediment level measurement 8.8- Electric conductivity (EC) testing 8.9- EC conversion to TDS 8.10- Alcohol titration method 8.11- Alcohol titration calculations (refer to journal) 8.0- Results/ Data Analysis 9.12- Graph1. PH over time 9.13- Graph2
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Is the electric car the car the future? The main reason to buy an electrical car is the reduced CO2 emission. Reducing pollution coming from cars is a great way to fight global warming. It’s not only less pollution it also costs less. Each kilometer you drive in an electric car costs considerably less than with a comparable fuel car. The motor of an electric car also has a great advantage point with its speed. Electrical engines have a one gear box motor‚ it doesn’t have to shift gears. This
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What are electric cars and how do they help our environment? An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors‚ using electrical energy stored in rechargeable batteries or another energy storage device. Electric motors give electric cars instant torque‚ creating strong and smooth acceleration. They are also around three times as efficient as cars with an internal combustion engine. The first practical electric cars were produced in the 1880s. Electric cars were popular
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the signal‚ it moves the whole signal up or down so as to place the peaks at the reference level. A diode clamp (a simple‚ common type) consists of a diode‚ which conducts electric current in only one direction and prevents the signal exceeding the reference value; and a capacitor which provides a DC offset from the stored charge. The capacitor forms a time constant with the resistor load which determines the range of frequencies over which the clamper will be effective. In electronics‚ a clipper is
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GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS Methods in GA Precipitation Method - involves isolation of an ion in solution by a precipitation reaction‚ filtering‚ washing the precipitate free of contaminants‚ conversion of the precipitate to a product of known composition‚ and finally weighing the precipitate and determining its mass by difference. From the mass and known composition of the precipitate‚ the amount of the original ion can be determined. Volatilization Method -the analyte or its decomposition products
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Science Final Exam Review Chemistry Terms: Pure Substance: a type of matter that consists of only one type of particle Compound: a pure substance that is composed of two or more different elements that are chemically joined Element: a pure substance that cannot be broken down by any physical or chemical means Mixture: contains more than one type of particle Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture in which you can distinguish between different types of matter; also called a mechanical mixture Homogeneous
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convey a message to the readers. All three poems deal with conflict in different ways. ‘Bayonet charge’ is about a soldiers experience in a violent battle. ‘Half caste’ is about racism and John Agard talks about how half caste is an offensive term to use on mixed people. Lastly‚ the poem ‘Catrin’ shows us it’s a relationship between a daughter and the mother and how they deal with conflict. Bayonet charge is based on a soldier experiencing of ’going over-the-top’ in World War I.’going over-the-top’
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and tools. It is shinny and has a reddish brown color. It’s application toward humans has really changed the way we live. Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity‚ which is often used as electrical wires or cables in generators‚ motors and electric products. In addition‚ it is also an outstanding conductor of heat‚ which is used in radiators and heating systems. Since it does not react with water and corrode easily‚ it is widely used as water pipes. This diagram is the atomic structure of
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