11 I. ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to demonstrate how batteries work. Batteries may seem a little magical‚ but they are not. A battery actually is just a container of chemicals that react together to produce a flow of electrons‚ which is what an electrical current really is. A battery has two terminals‚ one positive and one negative. They are usually marked by plus and minus signs‚ so you can tell which is which. After the battery is assembled‚ a multimeter / voltmeter
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neutrons and electrons. * Define proton number and nucleon number. * Use proton number and the simple structure of atoms to explain the basis of the Periodic Table (Ref. Z=1 to 20) * Define isotopes. * State the two types of isotopes as being radioactive and non-radioactive. * State one medical and one industrial use of radioactive isotopes. * Describe radioactive isotopes as a source of energy. eg. 235U * Describe the build-up of electrons in `shells` and
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CHEMISTRY 17 1ST LONG EXAM REVIEWER I. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS -arrangement of atoms’ electrons -the number of electrons in an atom -distribution of electrons around the nucleus and their energies • ATOMS *Billiard Ball Model (JOHN DALTON) *Plum Pudding Model (JOSEPH J. THOMPSON) *RUTHERFORD’s Model of Atom -atoms are tiny‚ hard‚ indivisible spheres -electrons (negative charge) occupy the atom - Atom is mostly empty space with a dense nucleus • PROBLEMS with Rutherford’s Model
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protons are not equal to the electrons ion the protons are not equal to the neutrons isotope atomic mass = mass of protons + neutrons changing the number of neutrons does not influece the mass or electrons atom behaviour is because of electrons hydrogen almost always loses its electron‚ leaving it a hydrogen ion taking away a negative charge creates a cation adding a negative charge creates an anion electronegativity is the ability to steal electrons electronegativity is influenced
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Review of Related Literature Group 2 (IV-Assumption) Background information: (Local) Based on http://www.zamboanga.com‚ Caringo ‚ Mercedes‚ Camarines Norte‚ Philippines is experiencing too many black outs‚ they also state that they don’t rely on Diesel fuel and coal for their Electricity‚ because in their place there are many renewable and sustainable source of energy like Hydro Power‚ Solar Power‚ and Wind Power. Background information: (Foreign) According to http://www.bbc.co.uk Peru is also
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when we get there. Matter is composed of atoms. Atomic nuclei are tightly bound protons and neutrons (1H excepted) with electrons hanging out in the electron clouds around them. Also‚ there are chemical bonds between atoms in a lot of different kinds of matter. These bonds involve the borrowing and loaning of electrons (the so-called ionic bonds) or the sharing of electrons (the so-called covalent bonds). That’s matter‚ and now we’re going to see what happens when we shoot stuff at it. Incoming
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photon interactions throughout the radiologic field. These are produced when matter and excited electrons interact with each other at the same level. The photons are able to penetrate through matter without a big interaction due to the energy being absorbed in matter. The photons in this interaction are the x-ray and gamma photons. Their lives are ended when they give off their energy to an electron in need. This interaction along with the other interactions are very important‚ especially for the
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orbitals react and exchange or share electrons; the result is either a covalent bond (shared electrons so that each has a full shell) or an ionic bond (the electron is completely removed from one atom and given to the other; the differently charged ions then attract and bond). 1. Covalent bonding Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 23‚ 1875 – March 23‚ 1946)[2] was an American physical chemist known for the discovery of the covalent bond and his concept of electron pairs; his Lewis dot structures and
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Lab: Flame Test Purpose: to determine the ID of 2 unknown substances Background Information: Every atom consists of a nucleus with tiny electrons whizzing around it. The further away from the nucleus they are‚ the more energy the electrons have. If a metal atom is heated‚ the electrons get enough energy to jump higher away from the nucleus‚ they become “excited”. When they fall back closer to the nucleus (back to their ground state)‚ they give off this extra energy as light. Why is the
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carrying out processing and data storage on the same chip)‚ investigators have been eager to exploit another property of the electron—a characteristic known as spin. Spin is a purely quantum phenomenon roughly akin to the spinning of a child’s top or the directional behavior of a compass needle. The top could spin in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction; electrons have spin of a sort in which their compass needles can point either “up” or “down” in relation to a magnetic field. Spin
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