of Radiation and Radioactivity Introduction: Radiation can be defined as the propagation of energy through matter or space. It can be in the form of electromagnetic waves or energetic particles. Ionizing radiation has the ability to knock an electron from an atom‚ i.e. to ionize. Examples of ionizing radiation include: • alpha particles • beta particles • neutrons • gamma rays • x-rays Non-ionizing radiation does not have enough energy to ionize atoms in the material it interacts with. Examples
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objects around you. Atoms are composed of particles called protons‚ electrons and neutrons. Protons carry a positive electrical charge‚ electrons carry a negative electrical charge and neutrons carry no electrical charge at all. The protons and neutrons cluster together in the central part of the atom‚ called the nucleus‚ and the electrons ’orbit’ the nucleus. A particular atom will have the same number of protons and electrons and most atoms have at least as many neutrons as protons. Protons and
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As such‚ its outer shell (VALENCE) has the maximum number of electrons (i.e.‚ the outer shell is full). Thus‚ the electron configuration is STABLE. In other words‚ Noble Gases are not reactive. Figure 2 is the element Nitrogen. Its outer shell is NOT full. Thus‚ the electron configuration is UNSTABLE. To become stable (i.e.‚ have an outer shell with the maximum number of electrons)‚ nitrogen will either GIVE AWAY or TAKE electrons from another element. When this happens‚ the NITROGEN ION is
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400 BC Democritus: He hypothesized that all matter (plus space and time) is composed of tiny indestructible units‚ called atoms. Democritus performed no experiments. 1 .All matter consists of invisible particles called atoms. 2. Atoms are indestructible. 3. Atoms are solid but invisible. 4. Atoms are homogenous. 5. Atoms differ in size‚ shape‚ mass‚ position‚ and arrangement. ->Solids are made of small‚ pointy atoms. ->Liquids are made of large‚ round atoms. ->Oils are made of very fine
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the same thing. 2. Atoms are made of molecules. 3. Molecules are made of atoms. What is the smallest structure in this list that can be seen with an ordinary desk microscope? 1. 2. 3. 4. Cells. Cell nucleus. Atoms. Chain molecules‚ such as proteins. Atoms In our model of scale‚ remember that the BB represented an atom. Electrons Hydrogen Helium Neutrons Protons As a class‚ identify the atoms represented here and label the sub-atomic particles. Carbon OxygenPhosphorous Calcium What elements
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the problems with Dalton’s theory are that his second law that all atoms of the same element are the same is false because today we have found that there are other kinds of atoms called isotopes. An isotope is an atom that has the same amount of electrons and protons‚ but it has more neutrons that increase its atomic mass. Some examples of isotopes are Carbon 12‚ carbon 13‚ carbon 14‚ Uranium (234‚ 235‚ and 238) and lithium (6‚ 7). Carbon 14 is especially useful because we know its rate of decay and
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Primary Source Review #1 Title: Age-associated decreased activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes in heart and skeletal muscle: role of L-carnitine Authors: Kumaran S.‚ Subathra M.‚ Balu M.‚ Panneerselvam C. Journal: Chemo-Biological Interactions Vol. 148 Pgs. 11-18 Date: 2004 Instructions: You may work together on this assignment and turn it in as a group or individually. You will need to use resources such as the internet in addition to your textbook and the article
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System and Organs Digestive systems‚ tummy‚ intestine Organ=Tissues Tissues Composed of cells Organelles Cells of organ system Mitochondria‚ chloroplast Composed of Molecules Atoms Cells Robert Hook 1700’s Wine cork thin slice under microscope saw chambers in slice reminded him of monk cells thus cells Cell Theory (1800s) All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from pre exhibiting cells Spontaneous Generation is not supported by cell theory Cat is dead and maggots
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By the strange laws of quantum mechanics‚ Folger‚ a senior editor at Discover‚ notes‚ an electron‚ proton‚ or other subatomic particle is "in more than one place at a time‚" because individual particles behave like waves‚ these different places are different states that an atom can exist in simultaneously. Ten years ago‚ Folger writes‚ David Deutsch‚ a physicist at Oxford University‚ argued that it may be possible to build an extremely powerful computer based on this peculiar reality. In 1994
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heart of our understanding of the structure of atom. New Zealand scientist Ernerst Rutherford was the first to show that the atom is the building block of all matter that consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by tiny negatively charged electrons. The extraordinary achievements of these scientists have been instrumental development of chemistry over the past century. Today‚ we take the existence of atoms for granted. We can explain many aspects of the structure of the atom and in fact‚ current
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