CGHS Physics Trial HSC Examination 2008 Page 1 Student number ……………………….. Teacher …………………………………….. Cheltenham Girls High School 2008 Higher School Certificate Trial examination Physics TASK WEIGHTING: 35% General Instructions • Reading time – 5 minutes • Working time – 3 hours • Write using black or blue pen • Draw diagrams using pencil • Board-approved calculators may be used • A data-sheet‚ formulae sheets and Periodic Table are provided at the back of this paper Total marks –
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4/5/’013 | | BOHR THEORY Introduction Niels Bohr applies quantum theory Rutherford’s Atomic Structure by assuming that electrons travel in stationary orbits defined by their angular momentum. This led to the calculation of possible energy levels for these orbits and the postulation that the emission of light occurs when an electron moves into a lower energy orbit. Atomic Spectrum The Atomic Spectrum is a series
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Laboratory Report: Flame Colors of Metals Abstract The experiment about flame color of metals demonstrates how electrons jump into their excitedstate from their ground state as it came in contact with heat. As it return to its lower energy state‚it emits the absorbed energy in the form of light. A platinum or nichrome wire was dipped into aconcentrated HCL and was heated to clean it. The wire was dipped into different salt solutionsand heated in order to determine the metallic ion’s color and wavelength
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between real and ideal gases‚ since gases in real life do in fact take up space and have intermolecular interaction. A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms. This attraction may be seen as the result of different behaviors of the outermost electrons of atoms. Although all of these behaviors merge into each other seamlessly in various bonding situations so that there is no clear line to be drawn between them‚ nevertheless behaviors of atoms become so qualitatively different as the character of
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spectrometer has been vital to chemistry‚ and will continue to do so for more years to come. The history of the mass spectrometer starts with a man named Sir Joseph John Thompson. Thompson studied conductivity of gases‚ which led him to discover the electron in 1897. Soon after Thompson constructed the first mass spectrometer‚ that’s purpose was to determine the mass to charge ratio of ions. In this instrument‚ ions in discharge tubes were passed into magnetic and electric fields‚ which caused the
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STRUCTURE & BONDING Fill in the gaps: When two elements react together they make a _________ substance called a_________. It is _________ to separate the elements after the reaction. Some atoms react by sharing electrons. We call this _________ bonding. Other atoms react by _________ or _________ electrons. We call this _________ bonding. When atoms react in this way they get the electronic structure of a _________ gas. Use pictures and words to describe each type of bonding: Ionic Fill in this table: Ionic
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ionic lattice 4.1.2 Group 1 metals form +1 ions‚ group 2 metals form +2 ions‚ metals in group 3 form +3 ions . Examples : Li+‚ Mg2+‚ Al3+. Greater ease of ionisation Li->Cs is due to the increased electron shielding of the nuclear attraction caused by additional inner shells of electrons. The easier atoms are to ionise‚ the more reactive they will be because less energy is required to ionise them‚ and so they react faster. 4.1.3 Group 5 will form 3- ions‚ Group 6 ions will form 2- ions
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are interested in electronegativity in an organic chemistry context‚ you will find a link at the bottom of this page. What is electronegativity Definition Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. The Pauling scale is the most commonly used. Fluorine (the most electronegative element) is assigned a value of 4.0‚ and values range down to caesium and francium which are the least electronegative at 0.7. What happens if two atoms of equal electronegativity
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The History of the Atom Hypothesis according to Aristotle (350 BC): All matter consists of the elements earth‚ air‚ fire‚ and water. Experiment: A tree grows from the earth as water is added. The tree is then set on fire in an effort to form new elements. 1. What kind of results would be observed from this experiment? Fire‚ ash (earth)‚ smoke (air) 2. Would these observations support or reject the hypothesis? Explain. Support. No elements have been produced that are something other than
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image‚ or scanned and pasted into this document. Questions 1. An electron that has left the parent atom is called a ___free___ electron. 2. What is the voltage between two points if 100 J of energy is used to move 20 C between the points? V= WQ = 100J20C =5JC =5 V 3. How many electrons are there in a charge of 0.005 C? 3.12 ×1016 4. How much energy is required to move a charge containing 2.5x1013 electrons through a potential difference of 12 Volts? 43μJ 5. A charge of
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