1.1 The atoms‚ during bond formation‚ may lose or gain electrons (valence electrons) in order to achieve a stable state‚ or technically speaking‚ a stable electron configuration. Usually metal atoms lose electrons and non-metals gain electrons in order to achieve electron stability. When dealing with bond formation (Ionic bonding for example) we need to analyse the outer shell of the atom. Metals usually present 1‚ 2 or 3 electrons in their outer shell therefore they have to give them away to achieve
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the Nucleus The nucleus contains both Protons and neutrons The negatively charged particles surrounding the center are called Electrons (3^H)‚ an isomer‚ differs from (1^H) in that: 3^H has 2 more neutrons than 1^H Nitrogen has 7 electrons and thus can form a maximum of ___ covalent bonds with other elements 3 Carbon has 6 electrons while hydrogen has 1 electron. How many covalent bonds can form between a carbon atom and hydrogen atoms 4 In the lab you are culturing human cells in order
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at the end of 19th century‚ experimental investigations on conduction of electricity (electric discharge) through gases at low pressure in a discharge tube led to many historic discoveries. The discovery of X-rays by Roentgen in 1895‚ and of electron by J. J. Thomson in 1897‚ were important milestones in the understanding of atomic structure. It was found that at sufficiently low pressure of about 0.001 mm of mercury column‚ a discharge took place between the two electrodes on applying the
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examiner’s report for each question. 1. (i) atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons/different masses (1) 1 (ii) 79Br 35 protons‚ 44 neutrons‚ 35 electrons (1) 81Br 35 protons‚ 46 neutrons‚ 35 electrons (1) 2 (iii) (1s2)2s22p63s23p63d104s24p5 (1) 1 [4] 2. (i) iodide has been converted to iodine (1) (with correct use and spelling of iodide and iodine)
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Chem 201 /HW#10 Chapter 9 Electronegativity Table: use this table to answer Q [pic] 1. Bromine tends to form a monatomic ion which has the electronic configuration of a noble gas. What is the electron configuration of that noble gas? a. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4p6 b. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4p6 4d10 c. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4p6 d. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 e. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 2. Which ion of
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stable. Consisting of protons and neutrons‚ they are unaffected by chemical reactions and have remained the same since they were formed. However‚ some nuclei are unstable and spontaneously release energy in the form of a Helium nucleus (α Alpha)‚an electron (β Beta) and γ Gamma rays. These nuclei are known as radioactive and it’s not possible to predict when a particular radioactive nucleus will emit this energy but a large number of materials are said to have a ‘half life’. The half life is the time
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Grades K-5 Pencil Electrolysis Introduction: The process by which we separate the elements hydrogen and oxygen from water is called electrolysis. The word "lysis" means to dissolve or break apart‚ so the word "electrolysis" literally means to break something apart (in this case water) using electricity. It is difficult to break up water into it’s elements lots of energy is needed to do that. Through a chemical means though‚ we can separate the compound of water into the elements that combine to
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Charging by Induction Purpose: To determine the kind of charge induced on a neutral object when it is approached by a charged object. Materials: • metal-leaf electroscope • ebonite rod • fur • glass rod • silk • human finger (with body) Procedure: 1. The metal-leaf electroscope was approached‚ but not touched‚ by a negatively charged ebonite rod. The rod was moved toward and away from the metal ball on the electroscope several times. Observations were recorded
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atoms being indivisible (that’s how we know about protons and neutrons and electrons and the other subatomic particles). And how atoms of the same element have identical properties: atoms of an element may have slightly different masses‚ e.g: ISOTOPES. You can see an atom using the scanning tunneling microscope. 4-2: Discovering subatomic particles and Nuclear particles (alpha‚ beta‚ gamma) Discovering the electron was a complete accident Cathode ray tube: used by Sir William Crookes. He
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where possible. 1. Describe metallic‚ ionic and covalent bonds. Metallic - A chemical bond in which electrons are shared over many nuclei and electronic conduction occurs. Ionic – A chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion. Covalent - A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule. 2. Explain the structure of metals‚ ionic compounds‚ covalent molecules
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